高考近5年全国卷真题语法专项-非谓语固定搭配.docx

非谓语固定搭配一. 考点概述： 本考点是近几年高考全国卷中考查的要点，该考查点属于容易题，主要考查非谓语的固定搭配形式，如一些动词只能接doing作宾语，或一些动词只能接to do作宾语等。考查形式：语法填空和短文改错二 考点聚焦非谓语动词的句法功能名称语 法 功 能 主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词三 考点精讲1.非谓语doing作宾语下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, cant help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, eacape, permit。例如：I suggest playing football.( 即suggest +doing )下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。例如：I am looking forward to visiting Beijing.介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从中。作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。如on his arrival。2. 非谓语to do作宾语（即某些动词后只能接to do作宾语）1）下列动词接不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等例如：She refused to finish the work last week.3.非谓语to do作定语下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、plan、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等例如：The way to finish the job is very easy. She is the first person to arrive at the train station.4.非谓语doing/to do 作动词后的宾语（但表示的意思不同）remember, forget, regret, try例 句解 析1. I remember to meet her at the station.I remember seeing her once somewhere.2. I forgot giving it to you yesterday. I forgot to tell you about it. Now here it is.3. I regret not having working hard. I regret to hear of your sisters death. 4. Try knocking at the back door. We must try to get everything ready.5. That will mean flooding some land. I had meant to go on Monday.6.I stop to watch TV.(两件事 I stop watching TV（一件事）1. remember to do sth.记住要做的事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事2. forget to do sth.忘记要做的事 forget doing sth.忘记做过的事3. regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事4. try to do sth.尽力做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事5. mean to do sth.打算做，想要 mean doing sth.意味着，就是 6.stop to do sth;停下来去做某事 stop doing sth；停止当前正在做的事7. go on to do sth ;继续去做另一件事（两件事） go on doing sth; 继续去做当前的事（一件事）5非谓语to do 作宾补（即结构ask sb to do sth）常见的词有： advise, allow,encourage,expect , forbid, force,invite. tell,want,warn, wait for,order,persusade，require等例如：The docter warned him not to eat too much meat.6. 某些动词后接do/doing 作宾补例如： see sb do sth(看见某人作过某事) see sb doing sth (看见某人正在做某事)该类的词有：watch,notice, hear,feel,have等可接do sth或doing sth作宾补； 注意：let和make是接do sth作宾补；即：let sb do sth find/leave/keep接doing作宾补即：find sb doing sth四总结 本小节知识点只需要学生多记忆，按照固定搭配去做就可以了2015年2019年全国卷语法专项语法填空1. My ambassadorial duties will include _(introduce) British visitors to the120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. （2016年全国1）解析：因为include后面接doing作宾语。所以填introducing；2. They are required (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.（2017年全国1）解析：考查require sb to do sth的结构；这里是被动，直接填 to process；3 Fast food is full of fat and salt; by (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. （2017年全国1）解析：因为by是介词，所以直接填eating；4. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term_ (rest).(2017年全国3)解析：考查Spend+时间/钱+in doing sth的结构，填resting；5. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants _ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. (2017年全国3)解析：考查want to do的结构，填 to prove；6. You don't have to run fast or for long_(see)the benefit.（2018年全国1）解析：to do表示目的；填to see；7. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _ (die) early by running. （2018年全国1）解析：因为of是介词，所以填 dying；8. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to_(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. （2018年全国1）解析：因为这里是做锻炼来加强肌肉。to 在这里是不定式 填动词strengthen；9. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.（2018年全国3）解析：avoid接doing作宾语；填looking；10. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _ (stay)and watch. （2018年全国3）解析:考查allow sb to do sth的结构，填 to stay；11. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area.(2019年全国1)解析：考查adj+to do的结构；填to perform；12. Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements.(2019年全国1)解析：by是介词，后面接doing作宾语；填noting；13. A 90-year-old has been awarded "Woman Of The Year" for （be）Britain's oldest full-time employee still working 40 hours a week.(2019 年全国2)解析：for是个介词，所以填being；14. Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene declared she hadno plans （retire） from her 36-year-old business. (2019 年全国2)解析：plan是接to do的结构，填to retire；短文改错1. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. （2016年全国1）解析：考查be used for表被用来作什么；所以using改为used；2. We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.（2016年全国2）解析：between是介词，所以take改为taking；3. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.（2016年全国3）解析：by是介词，所以wear改为wearing；4. The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!”.(2017年全国1)解析：由“Speed up!” “Slow down!” 可知Turning改为Turn；5. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.（2018年全国1）解析：by是介词；sell改为selling；6. . As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.（2018年全国2）解析：考查ask to do结构 ，watching改为watch；7. I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe.(2019年全国3)解析：my dream is to opens该句中to是不定式，所以opens改为open；8If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. (2019年全国3)解析：考查succeed in doing的结构，所以manage改为managing；