英语四级翻译常用词汇及基本句型.pdf

资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国历史与文化 京剧Peking opera 秦腔Qin opera 功夫 Kungfo 太极 Tai Chi 口 技 ventriloquism 木偶戏 puppet show 皮影戏shadowplay 折子戏opera highlights 杂技acrobatics 相声witty dialogue comedy 刺绣embroidery 苏绣Suzhou embroidery 泥人clay figure 书法calligraphy 中国画traditional Chinese painting 水墨画Chinese brush painting 中国结Chinese knot 中国古代四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China 火药gunpowder 印刷术 printing 造纸术paper-making 指南针the compass 青铜器bronze ware 瓷器porcelain; china 唐三彩tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 景泰蓝 cloisonne 秋千 swing 武术martial arts 儒家思想Confucianism 儒家文化Confucian culture 道教Taoism 墨家 Mohism 法家Legalism 佛教Buddhism 孔子Confucius 孟子Mencius 老子Lao Tzu 庄子Chuang Tzu 墨子Mo Tzu 孙子 Sun Tzu 象形文字pictographic characters 文房四宝（笔墨纸观）the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone) 大学 The Great Learning 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 中庸 The Doctrine of the Mean 论语 The Analects of Confucius 孟子 The Mencius 孙子兵法The Art of War 三国演义Three Kingdoms 西游爷己 Journey to the West 红楼梦 Dream of the Red Mansions 水浒传 Heroes of the Marshes 山海经 The Classic of Mountains and Rivers 资治通鉴 History as a Mirror 春秋 The Spring and Autumn Annals 史记 Historical Records 诗经 The Book of Songs 易经 The I Ching; The Book of Changes 礼记 The Book of Rites 三字经 Three-character Scriptures 八股文eight-part essay 五言绝句five-character quatrain 七言律诗seven-character octave 旗袍cheongsam 中山装Chinese tunic suit 唐装Tang suit 风水Fengshui; geomantic omen 阳历Solar calendar 阴历Lunar calendar 闰年leap year 十二生肖zodiac 春节the Spring Festival 元宵节the Lantern Festival 清明节the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋节the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节the Double-ninth Day 七夕节the Double-seventh Day 春联spring couplets 庙会temple fair 爆竹firecracker 年画（ traditional) New Year pictures 压岁钱New Year gift-money 舞龙 dragon dance 元宵sweet sticky rice dumplings 花灯festival lantern 灯谜lantern riddle 舞狮lion dance 踩高跷stilt walking 赛龙舟dragon boat race 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 胡同 hutong 山东菜Shandong cuisine 川菜Sichuan cuisine 粤菜Canton cuisine 扬州菜Yangzhou cuisine 月饼moon cake 年糕rice cake 油条deep-fried dough sticks 豆浆soybean milk 馒头steamed buns 花卷steamed twisted rolls 包子steamed stuffed buns 北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck 拉面hand-stretched noodles 馄饨wonton (dumplings in soup) 豆腐tofu? bean curd 麻花fried dough twist 烧饼clay oven rolls 皮蛋100-year egg; century egg 蛋炒饭fried rice with egg 糖葫芦tomatoes on sticks 火锅 hot pot 长城the Great Wall of China 烽火台beacon tower 秦士台皇陵the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang 兵马俑Terracotta Warriors and Horses 大雁塔Big Wild Goose Pagoda 丝绸之路the Silk Road 敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes 华清池Huaqing Hot Springs 五台山 “Wutai Mountain 九华山Jiuhua Mountain 蛾眉山 Mount Emei 泰山Mount Tai 黄山Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain 故宫the Imperial Palace 天坛the Temple of Heaven 午门Meridian Gate 大运河Grand Canal 护城河 the Moat 回音壁 Echo Wall 居庸关Juyongguan Pass 九龙壁the Nine Dragon Wall 黄帝陵the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi 十三陵the Ming Tombs 苏州园林Suzhou gardens 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 西湖West Lake 九寨沟Jiuzhaigou Valley 日月潭Sun Moon Lake 布达拉宫Potala Palace 鼓楼drum tower 四合院quadrangle; courtyard complex 孔庙Confucius Temple 乐山大佛Leshan Giant Buddha 十八罗汉the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha 喇嘛 Lama 英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国社会 多元文化论cultural pluralism 文化适应acculturation 社会保障social security 班车shuttle bus 相定迁户a relocated unit or household 大龄青年single youth above the normal matrimonial age 独生子女the only child in a family 单亲single parent 福利彩票welfare lotteries 家政服务household management service 民工migrant laborers 名人celebrity 农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labor/laborers 青春期puberty 全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign 全国人口普查nationwide census 社会保险social insurance 暂住证temporary residence permit/card 青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency 性骚扰sexual harassment 走私smuggling * 性别歧视gender/sexual discrimination 年龄歧视age discrimination 工作歧视job discrimination 享乐主义hedonism 文盲illiteracy 贫富分化disparity between the rich and the poor 盗版pirated/illegal copies 一国两制One Country, Two Systems 三个代表the Three Represents Theory 两会（人大、政协）Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC) 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 南南合作South-South Cooperation 南北对话North-South Dialog 人大常委会Peoples Congress Standing Committee 法制观念awareness of law 法制国家a country with an adequate legal system 改革开放reform and opening-up 公务员civil servants 官僚主义作风the bureaucratic style of work 和谐并存harmonious coexistence 计划生育family planning 计划生育基本国策the basic state policy of family planning 4 青才申文明建设the construction of spiritual civilization 居委会neighborhood committee 科教兴国national rejuvenation through science and education 可持续发展sustainable development 廉洁高效honesty and high efficiency 两岸关系cross-straits relations 两岸谈判cross-straits negotiations 领 土完整territorial integrity 民族精神national spirit 普选制general election system 求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences 人大代表NPC member 物质文明和精神文明material and spiritual civilization 小康社会a well-off society 小康水平a well-off standard 一个中国原则the one-China principle 与时俱进keep pace with the times 综合国力overall national strength 共同愿望common desire “走出去”（战略） going global 不结盟non-alignment 单边主义unilateralism 多边政策multilateralism 多极世界multipolar world 人 口 老龄化aging of population 人口出生率birth rate 社区月服务community service 道德法庭court of ethics 盗用公款embezzlement 成人夜校night school for adults 在职进修班on-job training courses 政治思想教育political and ideological education 毕业生分酉己graduate placement; assignment of graduate 充电update ones knowledge 初等教育elementary education 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 大学城college town 大学社区college community 高等教育higher education 高等教育“ 211 工程”the “ 211 Project” for higher education 高等学府institution of higher education 综合性大学comprehensive university 文科院校colleges of (liberal) arts 理工科大学college / university of science and engineering 师范学院teachers college; normal college 高分低能high scores and low abilities 高考 (university/college) entrance examination 高校扩招the college expansion plan 教育界education circle 教育投入input in education 九年义务教育nine-year compulsory education 考研take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools 课外活动extracurricular activities 必修课required/compulsory course 选修课elective/optional course 基础课basic courses 专业课specialized courses 课程表school schedule 教学大纲teaching program; syllabus 学习年限period of schooling 学历record of formal schooling 学分credit 启发式教学heuristic teaching 人才交流talent exchange 人才战competition for talented people 商务英语证书Business English Certificate (BEC) 适龄儿重入学率enrollment rate for children of school age 升学率proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate 英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国经济 总需求aggregate demand 总供给aggregate supply 企业文化corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司cross-national corporation 创业精神enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise 猎头公司head-hunter 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 假日经济holiday economy 人力资本human capital 航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业electronic industry 汽车制造工业car industry 娱乐业entertainment industry 信息产业information industry 知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业light industry 博彩业lottery industry 制造业manufacturing industry 垄断行业monopoly industries 市场多元化market diversification 市场经济market economy 市场监管market supervision 购买力purchasing power 熊市bear market 牛市bull market 城镇化urbanization 房地产real estate 首付down-payment 业主home owner 个人购房贷款individual housing loan 经济全球化economic globalization 经济特区special economic zones (SEZ) 经济增长economic growth 泡沫经济bubble economy 关税 tariff 纳税人 tax payer 宏观经济macro economy 货币投放量the size of money supply 流动性过剩excess liquidity 经济过热overheated economy 通货膨胀inflation 抑制通货膨胀curb inflation 注入流动性to inject liquidity 贴现率discount rate 存款准备金率reserve requirement ratio (RRR) 公开市场业务open market operation (OMO) 逆回购reverse repurchase agreement; reverse repo 引导降低市场借贷成本to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level 稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy 微调货币政策to fine-tune monetary policy 硬着陆hard landing 软着陆soft landing 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 二十国集团Group of Twenty (G2O) 财政部长Finance Minister 全年预期经济增长目标the expected growth target for the whole year 经济活力economic vitality 大规模经济刺激计划a massive economic stimulus package 结构改革structural reform 硬资产hard assets 软资产soft assets 有形资产tangible assets 经济走廊economic corridor 整顿市场秩序to rectify the market order 反垄断antitrust; anti-monopoly 定价浮动price fluctuations 谋求利益最大化to maximize profit 债务审计audit of debt 地方性政府债务local government debt/liability 公共财政体制改革an overhaul of the public finance system 债务管理debt management 信用支持credit support 英语四级翻译中的基本句型： 1.否定句型 1) 部分否定 : all/ every/ both/ always etc. + not 2) 完全否定 : no/ none/ nobody/ nothing/ nowhere/ neither/ never etc. + 谓语 3) 双重否定 : S + cannot + refrain from/ help + doing;忍不住 , 控制/ 抑制不住 . S + cannot + but/ choose but/ help but + do ; 不得不 , 只好. There be no + S + but + 谓语. Eg. There is no rule but has its exceptions. 2. 判断句型 : 1) 强调判断句 : S + be + no/ none + other than + 表语 - 不是别的 , 正是 .; Nothing but/ other than ; It is . that . 2) 正反判断句 : not A but B; not that but that .; not because ., but because . 3) 比较判断句 : more A than B; less B than A; A rather than B; not so much A as B Eg. It wasnt so much the clothes as the man himself who impressed us immediately. 立刻给我 们以深刻印象的与其说是衣服还不如说是这人本身. 3.倍数表示句型 1) S + be/ v. + 倍数 + that of 被比较的对象 ; + n. + as + adj./ adv./ n. + as ; + 比较级 + than 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 Eg. China is twenty times the size of Japan. This year our factory has turned out three times as many bicycles as it did 10 years ago. The floor space of the new building is twice that of the old one. The yield of wheat in 1996 was four times greater than that of 1966. Americans eat twice as much protein as they actually need. 4.比较句型 : as . as ; more/ less than. No more/ less than .; Would rather / sooner do A than do B 5. 程度句型 : so/ such + that clause; so/ such as to do ; too . to do 6. 倒装让步句型 : as 表示“ 虽然 , 尽管 ” 时, 用倒装结构 . 表语 + as + S + be, + 主句; 副词/ 动词 + as + S , + 主句 Eg. Child/ Young as he is, he knows much bout the world. Try as we might, we could not accomplish it. 7. 作形式主语的常见句型: It is adj./ vi./ n./ done that Eg. Its possible/ It turns out/ Its a pity/ Its said that 虚拟语气： 在英语四级汉译英考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式： （一）：由“ if ”引导的虚拟句子 (1). 与现在的事实相反：If - + were/did-, - + would do- If I were you , I would marry him. 如果我是你 ,就会嫁给他。 (2). 与过去的事实相反：If - + had done-, - +would have done- If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam. 果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。 (3). 与将来的事实可能相反：If -+ should do-, -+ would do- If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ? 如果明天下雨 ,你怎么办 ? （二）用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中 从句谓语形式为：“ -(should ) + do sth”(在美语中should 常省去 ) 。 类似用法的动词有：insist (坚持 ) , suggest (建议 ) , order(命令 ) , propose (建议 ) , demand ( 要求 ) , command ( 命 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 令 ) , advise (建议 ) , desire (要求请求 ) , request (请求 ) , require (需要、要求 ) , ask (要求 ) , prefer (宁愿 ), recommend(推荐 ) , arrange ( 安排 ) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡 ) ,maintain( 坚决主张 )等后面的宾语从句中。 （三）用在 “It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及 insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that - ” 结构中的that 引导的主语从句中 （四）用在It is time that - 结构中 , 表示 “ 该干某事了 ”, 含建议的意思, 用动词过去式。 It is time (that) we went to bed . 咱们该睡觉了。 注意 : time 前可加 about (表示 “ 大约 ”) 或 high(表示 “ 强调 ”) 等。