《数控专业外语》期末复习.docx.pdf

2010学年度第一学期 _ 班数控专业外语课程期末 考试试卷B卷 ( )2.Right-hand Rule ( )3.ATC automatic tool changer ( )4.turning center ( )5.wire EDM/ wire electrical discharge machine ( )6.axis framework ( )7.reference point ( )8.positioning mode ( )9.contouring control ( )lO.closed loop system ( )11.ball-nut lead screw ballscrew ( )12.Point-to-Point control ( )13.manual programming ( )14.NC personnel ( )15.tooling system ( )16.end mill ( )17.drilling machine ( )18.tap ( )1.Vertical mill machine 1. 立式铳床 2.右手法则 3. H动换刀装置 4.车削中心 5.线切割电火花加工机床 6. 坐标系 7 ?基准点 &定位模式 9.轮廓控制 10.闭环系统 11.滚珠丝杠 12 . 点位控制 13.手工编程 14.数控技术员 15.刀具系统 16.端铳刀 17.钻床 1&丝锥 )19.reamer )2O.taper shank )21.fixed cycle )22.variable type programming )23.tool path )24.CNC programming )25.holding mechanism )26.tool changer arm )27.boring tool )28.work piece )29.pallet )3O.indexing head )31.rotary movement )32.spindle )33.feed rate )34.AC servo )35.machine table )36.saddle )37.tolerance )38.repeatability )39.counterboring )4O.reference plane )41.tool length offset 刀具长度偏置 )42.zero preset 零点预置 )43.tool code刀具代码 19.绞刀 20.锥柄 21.固定循环 22.变量编程 23.刀具路径 24.数控编程 25.夹紧机构 26.换刀机械手 27.镇刀 28.工件 29.托盘 30.分度头 31.旋转运动 32.主轴 33.进给率 34?交流伺服系统 35.T作台 36.床鞍 37.公差 3&重复定位精度 39.铉孔 40.参考平面 )44.PRZ /Program Reference Zero 程序参考零点 )45.chuck 卡盘 )46.tool radius compensation 刀具半径补偿 )47.tool nose radius compensation 刀尖圆弧半径补偿 )48.milling cutter 铳刀 )49,finish 精加工 ) 50.rough粗加工 )51 .CAD Computer-Aided Drafting 计算机辅助设计 )52.CAM Computer-Aided Manufacturing 计算机辅助制造 )53.NC code数控代码 )54.post-process 后置处理 )55.3-D solid models三维实体模型 )56.conversational program 会话式程序 )57.CIM Computer-integrated Manufacturing 计算机集成制造 )58.DNC Direct Numerical Control 计算机直接数控 )59.postproduction 后处理 )60.GT group technology 成组技术 )61.JITjust-in-time 准时制造 )62.FMS Flexible Manufacturing System 柔性制造系统 )63.raw stock 毛坯件 )64.casting 铸件 )65.band-saw 带锯 )66.erosion 腐蚀 )67.distortion 变形 )68.reset 重置 ( )69.lead-in 导入 ( )70. lead-out 导出 ()71.draft 草图 ( )72. three-dimensional space 三维空间 ( )73.simultaneous five-axis machining 五车由联动力口工 ( )74. surface machining 曲面加工 ( )75. three-axis machining with fourth-axis positioning 四轴定位三轴联动加工 二、句子翻译： ( 每小题5分，共30分) 1、Because no mechanical cutting forces are involved, lasers cut parts with a minimum of distortion, they have been very effective in machining slots and drilling holes. rh于没有机械切削力，所以激光加工的工件变形非常小，激光切削机对加工窄槽和钻孔非 常有效。 2 There are two kinds of single machine axis movement. Machine axis motion is either in a straight line (linear movement) or in a circle (rotary movement). Each depends upon an axis for reference ? 机床轴运动分为两种单一的类空，要么是直线( 线性运动 ) 要么是圆周运动 ( 旋转 运动) 。每 种运动都耍以轴为基准。 3、Programs use coordinates to identify specific locations on the part or tooling ? A coordinate is a combination of a letter and numbers. The letter is the axis being used for reference. The numbers are the distance. 程序用坐标来确定工件或刀具上特定的位置。坐标是字母和数字的组介，英中字母代表作 为基准的轴，数字代表距离。 4、Upon receiving a signal they move the table and/or spindle a fixed amount. The motor controller sends signals back indicating the motors have completed the motion. The feedback, however, is not used to check how close the actual machine movement comes to the exact movement programmed ? 每接收到一个信号它们就会驱动工作台和主轴移动一个固定的量。电机控制器反馈信号表 示电机已经完成了指定的运动。但是，该反馈并不用于检测机床的实际运动 M 程序耍求的精 确运动的接近程度。 5、Mathematical ability is a must for NC personnel. Competent manual part programming is impossible without a fairly well-developed mathematical ability and a sound understanding of geometric construction. 数学能力是一个数控技术员所必须具备的能力。没有相当好的数学能力和对几何构造充分 的理解，要想胜任手工编程是不可能的。 6 The machining center, a multifunction machine tool, uses a wide variety of cutting tools such as drills, taps, reamers, end mills, boring tools, etc., to perform various machining operations on a work piece ? 加工屮心是一种多功能机床，可用钻头、丝锥、较刀、端铳刀、锂刀等各种刀具对工件进 行多种加工。 7 Tool radius compensation is the act of accommodating for the cutting tool radius in order to produce the work piece of the correct geometry. 刀具半径补偿是一种调节刀具半径的行为，其目的是使加工出來的工件具有正确的 几何形状。 8 The fundamental concept of CAD/CAM is that we can use a Computer-Aided Drafting (CAD) system to draw the geometry of a workpiece on a computer. Once the geometry is completed, then we can use a Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) system to generate an NC toolpath based on the CAD geometry. CAD/CAM最基础的概念是，可以川计算机辅助设计系统在计算机上価出工件的儿 何形状，然后就可以利用计算机辅助制造系统根据CAD的儿何形状，牛成数控机床的刀具 轨迹。 9 FMS is capable of round-thc-clock production with little,讦any, wasted time and less human intervention. FMS能够进行连续不断的生产，很少冇浪费时间和人工十预的情况。 10 The way in which a range of cutting tools can be located and securely held in position is referred to as a tooling system and is usually an important feature of the machine tool manufacturers advertising literature ? 定位一组加工刀具并安全夹持在其位置上的方法称作刀具系统，它是机床厂商的广告上的 一犬卖点。 11、Programmed data can be transferred to the CNC machine via a cable, using an inexpensive desktop or a laptop compute匚 当在低廉的台式机或笔记本电脑上编写程序时，对以通过电缆把程序数据传送到CNC机床 上。 12、Since each tool has a different length, the Z axis offset is entered as a positive or negative adjustment. Thus, each can be programmed as though they had the same length as Too #1. 因为每把刀具都有不同的长度，所有Z向偏置量要做正向或负向的调整。这样，编程的时 候就町以认为他们的长度都和#1刀具一样。 13、The preparatory commands G02 and G03 are the key words used in programming to establish circular interpolation mode ? The coordinate words following the G02 or G03 command are always designated within a selected plane. 用准备功能指令G02和G03在程丿芋屮建立直线插补，G02或G03后的处标要在选择平 面内指定。 14 In an effort to generate an accurate rotor blade for a helicopter, they experimented with complicated tables of coordinates and manual machinas? 为了精确制造出一架直升飞机的叶片，他们用具有复杂的多坐标的T作台与普通机床进行 试验。 三、短文翻译： ( 每小题10分，共50分) 1. Programming hole operation The simplest operations to program are those related to producing holes? These include drilling, boring, tapping and counterboring. The simplicity of programming lies in the fact that the programmer only needs to specify the coordinates of a hole center and the type of machine motions to be performed at the center. A fixed cycle, if used properly, takes over and causes the machine to execute the required movements? The controller stores a number of fixed cycles that can be recalled for use in programs when needed? This reduces the programming time and the length of tape required ? A fixed cycle is programmed by entering in one block of information: the X and Y coordinates, the Z-axis reference plane (R), and the final Z-axis depth? To perform the same operations in the next block, the programmer need only enter the X and Y coordinates of the next hole center. In order to make it easier for you to understand the meaning of fixed cycle, let's see the G81 cycle in Figure 9-1. A G81 cycle causes the machine to: (1) Rapid the tool from the Zinitial position to the Rplane, (2) Drill the hole to a depth Zn at feedrate Fn, (3) Rapid back to either the Rplane or Zinitial position, (4) Rapid to the center of the next hole if the Xn Yn coordinates of that hole are programmed in the next block. Programming linear profiles Linear profiling involves cutting contours composed of straight lines only. The lines may be horizontal, vertical, or at any angle ? In we will use linear interpolation. Linear inteipolation is used in part programming to make a straight cutting motion from the start position of the cut to its end position. linear inteipolation mode is designed for actual material removal, such as contouring, pocketing, face milling and many other cutting motions. Three types of motion can be generated in the linear interpolation mode: Horizontal motion single axis only Vertical motion single axis only Angular motion multiple axes Let's see the linear profile milling through Figure 9-2. G01 specifies the linear interpolation mode ? The tool is moved at the programmed feed rate along a straight line ? Zn n specifies the absolute depth of the cut. Fn n specifies the feed rate of the tool into the material and along each subsequent straight line programmed. If not entered, the system will use the last feed rate prognimmed ? XIY1 Specify the absolute coordinates of the cutter center at the end of line 1 cut, line 2 cut, and so on. X2Y2 . 9.1孔加工编程 与孔加工有关的程序编制是编程小最简单的，其屮包括钻孔、铿孔、攻丝和铉孔。 编程Z所以简单，是因为程序员只需确定孔小心的坐标以及机床在该处的运动类型即可。 如果使用得当的话， 固定循环町以接管并指导机丿木完成所需运动。控制器中储存了许 多固定循环，需要吋，这些固定循环可以被程序调用，这样能节省编程吋间及所需磁带长度。 固定循环是由一 ?个程序段内的下列信息构成的：X和Y处标，Z向参考平而和Z向最 终深度。 当在下一程序段执行相同的操作时，编程者只需要输入下一个孔的中心位置的X和 Y坐标值。为了让读者更容易理解固定循环的含义，我们一起來看图9? 1的G81 循坏。 G81 循环 快速移动 “ 到孔 XnYn rapid to hole Bt Xn Yn (1)几一 Xn Yn Fig. 9-1 G81 cycle G81 cycfe actfve - 一 一 rapid to next hoU 如果G81循环 在下一程序段 中继续有效， 则刀具快速移 动到下一孔位 Tod刀具 工件原点 Figure 9-2 Linear Profile Milling 直线轮廓铳削 G81循环命令机床： (1)把刀具从Z的初始位置快速移动到参考平面； (2)以Fn为进给率，钻孔深度Zn； (3)快速返回到Z轴初始位置或Z轴参考平面R, 如果在下一程序段中给汨下一中心孔的坐标XnYn,则快速移动到该孔中心。9.2宜线伦 廓编程 直线轮廓加工指加工的轮廓完全由直线组成，这些直线可以是水平的、垂直的或任 意角度的。在这个过程屮将会用到宜线插补。在零件编程中肓线插补用来使刀具产生沿起 点到终点的直线运动。此模式专门用于实际的材料切除，比如加工轮廓、凹槽、铳端面以 及许多其他的加工运动。在线性插补模式下可产牛三种运动模式： 水平运动单轴 垂直运动单轴 角度运动多轴 让我们通过图9? 2看一卜 ?直线轮廓铳削。 G01指定直线插补模式。刀具以程序要求的进给速率沿直线运动； Zn n指定切削的绝对深度； Fn n指定刀具进入材料的进给速率，程序中后续的肓线运动均采用此进给速率。 如果没冇输入进给速率，系统将使用程序给定的授新进给速率； X1Y1指定刀心在1、2等线的终点时的绝对坐标； X2Y2 . 2 Program Planning Programming Manual programming (without a computer) has been the most common method of preparing a part program for many years. The latest CNC controls make manual programming much easier than ever before by using fixed or repetitive machining cycles, variable type programming, graphic tool motion simulation, standard mathematical input and other timesaving features. in manual programming, all calculations are done by hand - with the aid of a pocket calculator - no computer programming is used ? Programmed data can be transferred to the CNC machine via a cable, using an inexpensive desktop or a laptop compute匚 The need for improved efficiency and accuracy in CNC programming has been the major reason for development of a variety of methods that use a computer to prepare part programs. Computer assisted CNC programming has been around for many years? But, successful use of computerized programming requires understanding of manual programming methods. Program sequence process starts with the engineering drawing of the required part. Before the part is machined, several steps have to be considered and carefully evaluated? The more effort is put into the planning stage of the program, the better results may be expected at the end. Planning of a CNC program is no different than any other planning, it must be approached in a logical and methodical way. The first decisions relate to what tasks have to be done and what goals have to be reached. The other decisions relate to how to achieve the set goals in an efficient and safe manner. Such a progressive method not only isolates individual problems as they develop, it also forces their solution before the next step can he taken. The following items form a fairly common and logical sequence of tasks done in CNC programming. The items are only in a suggested order, offered for further evaluation. (1)Study of initial information (drawing and methods) (2)Material stock (blank) evaluation (3)Machine tool specifications (4)Control system features (5)Sequence of machining operations (6)Tooling selection and arrangement of cutting tools (7)Setup of the part (8)Technological data (speeds, feed rates, etc.) (9)Determination of the tool path (10)Working sketches and mathematical calculations (11)Program writing and preparation for transfer to CNC (12)Program testing and debugging (13)Program documentation Program planning is not an independent execution of individual steps - it is a very interdependent and very logically coherent approach to achieve a certain goal. 7.1编程 多年来手工编程已经成为零件编程方法中的最常用的方法。新型CNC控制器 可以提 供固定循环或重复加工循环、变量编程、刀具运动的图形模拟、标准数学输入以及其他节 约吋间的特性，这使得手工编程比以前简单了许多。 在手工编程吋，所有的计算工作都人是用计算器来完成的，没有用到计算机编程。当在 低廉的台式机或笔记本电脑上编写程序时，可以通过电缆把程序数据传送到CNC机床上。 为了提高CNC编程的效率和精度，人们开发了多种利用计算机來准备零件程序的方 法。计算机辅助编程的方法也已经很广泛了，但是，耍想熟练得进行计算机编程需要很好 地掌握手工编程的方法。 7.2编程顺序 编写任何CNC程序都必须从仔细的计划过程开始，这个过程的起点是所需工件的工 程图。在零件加工之前我们必须认真地考虑和评估过程中的每一步。在程序的计划阶段付出 的努力越多，最后对以期待的结果就越好。 给CNC编程做计划和做其他计划并没有什么不同，它必须以合乎逻辑的系统的方法进 行。首先要确定必须要做的相关工作以及要达到的目的。接着要确定怎样用- 种既冇效又安 全的方式来实现这个1=1标。这种循序渐进的方法不仅能将T作分离为一个个独立的问题， 而H.还迫使在进行下一个步骤Z前，每一个问题都得到解决。 下而的条款是进行CNC编程时一个十分常见的复合逻辑的顺序，这只是一个推荐顺 序，还需进一步评估。 了解初始信息（工程图和方法） 材料毛坯评估 机床规格确定 控制系统特征 机床操作顺序 工装选择和切削刀具的安排 准备零件 技术数据（速率，进给率等） 刀具路径确定 （10）工程图和数学计算 Q1）程序编写并准备传送到CNC中 （程序测试与调试 （13）程序文档编制 程序规划并不是某些单个步骤的独立运作过程，它是一个为了达到特定H标， 相互依 赖、富有逻辑、相互关联的规划方法。 3 CAD and CAM The advent of the computer proved to be a boon to the design engineer in that it simplified the long ,tedious calculations which were often involved in designing a part. Many too I paths are simply too difficult and expensive to program manually. For these situations, we need the help of a computer to write an NC part program. In this unit, we will flesh out the essences of the computer-aided processes that are so prevalent in industry. The fundamental concept of CAD/CAM is that wc can use a Computer-Aided Drafting (CAD) system to draw the geometry of a workpiece on a computer. Once the geometry is completed, then we can use a Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) system to generate an NC toolpath based on the CAD geometry. The progression from a CAD drawing all the way to the working NC code is illustrated as follows: Step 1 The geometry is defined in a CAD drawing ? Step 2 The model is next imported into the CAM module ? Step 3 The CAM model is then verified to ensure that the toolpaths are correct. If any mistakes are found, it is simple to make changes at this point. Step 4 The final product of CAD/CAM process is the NC code. The NC code is produced by post-processing the model, the code is customized to accommodate the particular variety of CNC control. The CAD portion of the system is used to create the geometry as a CAD model by one of the following methods: 2-D line drawings, 3-D wireframe models, 3-D surface models, and 3- D solid models. The CAM module is used to create the machining process model based upon the geometry supplied in the CAD model. The CAM system will generate a generic intermediate code that describes the machining operations, which can later be used to produce G & M code or conversational programs. A CAM system generally contains three major divisions: Manufacturing, Engineering, Management. CAM increases the productivity and versatility of machine tools. Before the introduction of NC and CAM, most machine tools were cutting metal only about 5 percent of the time. The automated system available now cut metal about 70 percent of the time, and the goal is to come as close as possible to having them remove metal 100 percent of the available time? 计算机对设计师非常实用，因为它简化了零件设计中兀长而乏味的计算。许多刀具轨 迹如果用手工來完成是I?分因难的，而H造价也很昂贵。在这种悄况下，我们筋耍借助计 算机的帮助来编写数控程序。本单元将使这些在业界十分流行的计算机辅助过程变得鲜活 起来。 CAD/CAM最基础的概念是，可以用计算机辅助设计系统在计算机上画出工件的儿何 形状，然后就可以利用计算机辅助制造系统根据CAD的儿何形状，住成数控机床的刀具轨 迹。 从一幅CAD图生成其数控代码的全过程如下所示。 第一步：在CAD绘图软件中定义几何形状。 第二步：接着，这个模型就被输入到CAM模块中。 第三步：然后校验CAM模型以确保刀具轨迹的正确性，如果发现错误