定语从句中who与that,that与which的区别.doc

定语从句中that与who的用法区别 1. 两者均可指人，有时可互换（包括当先行词为 all, anyone, someone等，同时也包括先行词受the only等的修饰时）： All that who heard him were delighted. He is the only one among us that who knows Russian. Anyone who that is over sixteen is allowed in. It is impolite to turn your back on someone who that is speaking to you. 2. 但是在下列情况，通常要用 that： 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时： I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad. 当先行词是who时(为避免重复)： Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略)： Tom is not the boy (that) he was. 3. 但是在下列情况，通常要用 who： 当先行词为 those 且指人时，英语习惯上要用 who 来引导定语从句。如： Those who do not wish to go need not go. Those who couldnt walk were carried on stretchers. 那些不能走的人都用担架抬着。 It is said that those who eat the most are the least healthy. 据说吃得最多的人身体最差。 Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in. 只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。 The plan was supported by those who wished to listen to more good English. 这计划受到想多听好英语的人的支持。 Let us spend a few moments in silence so that / in order that we remember those who died to preserve our freedom. 让我们默哀片刻，以缅怀那些为维护我们的自由而牺牲了的人们。 注：偶尔也可见到在 who 之后用 that 引导定语从句的用例，但相当少见。如： The danger is that people who pay their bills on time will be lumped in with those that dont. 危险的是那些及时付账的人将会同那些不及时付账的人混在一起。定语从句中 which that 的用法与区别 使用that的情况：1.当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。e.g. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?2.当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。 e.g. I have some books that are very good.3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。e.g. This is the first book that I bought myself.The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.4.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时e.g. Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.5.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.China is no longer the country that she was.6.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that .Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.7.在there be句型中,只用that.He asked for the latest book (that) there is on the subject.8.当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。e.g. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.9.当先行词又有人又有物时。e.g. I wont forget the things and the persons that I saw.只能使用which的情况。1、非限制性定语从句中。e.g. Mary has a book, which is very precious.2、在介词之后。e.g. This is a house in which lives an old man.3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。e.g. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary. 定语从句引导词即连词中没有what. 有that,who, which,whose,whom,where 等。1当先行词为人时用who或that . 如：He is the man that /who likes playing basketball. 2当先行词为物时用which 或that. 如：The book which /that I bought yesteday is very interesting.总之，what 引导的是宾语从句而不是定语从句。如：I dont know what I should do next.