裕兴 新概念英语 第二册 Lesson 4 第4课 笔记讲义.doc

Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激动人心的旅行New words and Expressions1. exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 excited adj. (感到)兴奋的excite v. 令某人兴奋（人做宾语）eg. The news excited us. (过去式) 令我们兴奋。eg. I have never been to Australia. It must be an exciting trip. 我从来没去过澳大利亚。那里一定是一次激动人心的旅行。eg. He is finding this trip very exciting. 他发现旅途非常令人兴奋。（very exciting 宾语补足语）eg. We are excited at the news. 我们对消息感到兴奋。 be excited at sth 对 感到兴奋。eg. The excited girl is looking forward to her exciting first date with her “Mr. Right”. 这个兴奋的女孩渴望着她的激动人心的和白马王子的第一次约会。 look forward 渴望，盼望 date 约会 eg. The excited children were expecting Christmas presents. 那些兴奋的孩子正在期待着圣诞礼物。 be expecting 期待，怀孕类似的词：surprising 令人惊奇的 surprised 感到惊奇的interesting 令人感兴趣的 interested 感到感兴趣的shocking 令人震惊的 shocked 感到震惊的satisfying 令人满意的 satisfied 感到满意的disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的moving 令人感动的 moved 感到感动的touching 令人感动的 touched 感到感动的embarrassing 令人难堪的 embarrassed 感到难堪的 尴尬的2. receive v. 收到receive sth from sb 从谁那收到什么东西receive a letter 收到一封信 receive a present 收到一份礼物receive a phone call 接到一个电话 receive good education 得到良好的教育eg. You will receive a warm welcome whenever you come to my home. 无论你什么时候来我们家你都会得到热烈欢迎的。eg. He has just received his fortnights pay.他刚收到两星期的工资。(fortnight两星期) receive 收到 accept 接受 take 拿走 bring 拿来eg. I received an invitation to the party, but I didnt accept it. 我收到去派对的邀请，但是我没有接受。eg. I received an apology from him but I didnt accept it. 我收到他的道歉，但是我没有接受。eg. I have just received a letter from my brother. 我刚刚收到我弟弟的信。 receive a letter from sb 收到.的信 =hear from sbeg. Someone has taken my pen. 有人拿走了我的钢笔。eg. The waiter brought me a glass of beer. 服务员为我拿来一杯啤酒。receiver 收到.的人； 电话的听筒eg. He put down the receiver angrily. 他生气的放下听筒。 =He rang off angrily. 他生气的挂断电话。3. firm 1) n. (尤作口语) 公司eg. He is working for a big firm. 他在一家大公司工作。The firm of Johnson $ Johnson. 强生公司company (更口语化)corporation 公司，法人，团体enterprise 事业单位，企业，单位，公司，商行group 集团公司2) adj. 牢固的，稳固的，坚实的eg. The leg of that chair is not very firm. 那个椅子腿不牢固了。eg. Prices are still firm. 物价依旧很稳定。 as firm as rock 坚如磐石 a firm foundation 坚实的基础3) adj. 坚定的，坚决的eg. His reply to the request was a firm “No!”. 他坚决的拒绝这个要求。4. different adj. 不同的（反义词same） （Br）A is different from B. (Br) A is different to B.（Am）A is different from B. A is different than B.A和B是不同的。 eg. The word “receive” is different from ”accept”.eg. Everyone is different from others. 每个人都和别人不一样。eg. You look different than before. 你跟以前看起来不同了。difference n. 区别，差别 tell the difference between A and B 辨认 A和B的差别 eg. We can easily tell the difference between the twins. 我们可以很容易的辨认这对双胞胎的区别。总结 很多以ant/ent 结尾的为形容词，变成以 ance/ence 结尾后变为名词。important 重要的 importance 重要patient 有耐心的 patience 耐心distant 遥远的 distance 远方，距离5. centre (U.S. -ter)shopping center 购物中心 training center 培训中心 service center 服务中心eg. That girl likes to be the center of attention. 那个女孩喜欢成为注目的焦点。eg. Beijing is the center of politice, economics and culture of China.北京是中国的政治经济文化中心left, right and center =here and there 前后左右，处处。eg. Ive been looking for you left, right and center. Where have you been? 我到处找你，你到哪去了？6. abroad adv. 在国外 （in or to another country overseas）be abroad 在国外 go abroad 出国 live abroad 在国外居住 travel abroad 在国外旅行 eg. A great number of outstanding young Chinese want to study abroad. 许多杰出的年轻人想去国外留学。eg. He will go abroad next month. 他下月出国。Key structures 现在完成时构成： have/has + 动词的过去分词 eg. He has gone to Canada. 他去加拿大了。eg. I have lived here for eighteen years. 我在这里住了18年了。动词的不规则过去式，过去分词形式go went gone drive drove driven sleep slept slept 功能：1) 表示过去发生的动作对现在存在的影响。(通常与already, yet ,just, ever, never 等表示不确定时间的时间副词连用。)eg. He has already finished his homework. 他已经完成作业了。eg. I have never been to Paris. 我从没去过巴黎。eg. I have just received a letter from my borther, Tim. 我刚刚收到了兄弟 Tim的来信。eg. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs. 他刚刚买了一辆车eg. He has been there for six months. 他已经到那六个月了。eg. He has already visited a great number of different places. 他已经参观了许多地方了。eg. My brother has never been abroad before. 我的兄弟以前从没有出过国。eg. He has retired now. 他现在已经退休了。 eg. Have you ever been to Australia? 你去过澳大利亚吗？eg. Have you read any good books lately? 你最近有没有读一些好书呀？eg. I havent been very successful so far. 至今我不十分成功。eg. The train hasnt arrived yet. 火车还没到呢。 yet 通常放在否定句或疑问句的句尾。 2) 表达从过去一直持续到现在并可能持续下去的动作或状态。通常和表示一段时间的时间状语连用：so far迄今为止, up till (to) now到现在为止, since自从, for a long time很长一段时间, in the last few years在过去几年里,these days这段日子eg. Great changes have taken place in this city in the last 10 years. 在过去的10年里，这个城市发生了巨大的变化。eg. He has studied English since 10 years ago. 从10年前开始他一直在学英语。eg. So far, I havent received a single letter from my brother. 到现在为止，我还没收到过我兄弟的一封信。重点： 某些非延续性动词，在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间的状语搭配。 常见的非延续性动词： die, arrive, join, leave, go, refuse(失败), fail, finish, buy, marry, divorce, borrow, lendeg. How long have you bought the car? How long have you had the car? eg. She has gone away for a month. She has been away for amonth. eg. The man has died for two years. The man has been dead for two years. Exercises A 将括号中表示时间的状语放在恰当的位置： 1. I have had breakfast. (just) I have just had breakfast. 我刚刚吃完早饭。 2. He has been in prison. (for six months) He has been in prison for six months. 他坐牢已经半年了。3. The police have not caught the thief. (yet) caught 抓捕（catch） The police have not caught the thief yet. 4. You have asked that question three times. (already) You have already asked that question three times. You have asked that question three times already.5. Have you been to Switzerland? (ever) 你去过瑞士吗? Have you ever been to Switzerland? 6. I have been to Switzerland. (never) I have never been to Switzerland. 7. He is wonderful runner. He has broken two records. (so far) He is wonderful runner. He has broken two records so far. 8. I havent seen George. (lately) I havent seen George lately. 课文讲解1. I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.just 刚刚， 通常搭配现在完成时。放在实意动词received之前，助动词have之后received a letter from sb 收到.的信 = hear from sb write to sb 给.写信 2. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months.Australia n.澳大利亚 Australian adj.澳大利亚的Italy n.意大利 Italian n.意大利语for six months 半年, 英语中半年通常表达为 for six months He went there six months ago. 他半年前去的。He has been there since six months ago. 他从半年前开始就已经在那了。He has been there for six months. 他已经在那半年了。for + 一段时间 since + 时间的一点 3Tim is an engineer. engineer n. 工程师，建筑师，机械师； 火车司机 engine n. 发动机，引擎，机车，火车头 a steam engine 蒸汽机车 engine-driver (Br) 火车司机 engineer (U.S.)4. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. a number of + 复数名词 +are 许多的，大量的eg. A large number of books are stolen. 大量的书被盗窃。the number of + 复数名词 +is 的数量是eg. The number of stolen books is 25. 被偷的书的数目是25本。eg. A number of people apply for this job. 大量的人申请这个工作。 The number of applicants is 70. 申请者的数量是70人。number n. 号码，数字，数目 eg. My telephone number is 6229897. 我的电话号码是。eg. The company is No. one in the oil business. 这家公司在石油领域是第一。eg.There is satety in numbers.人多势众5. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the center of Australia. buy bought bought sell sold sold bring brought brought 带来 have gone to 去了某地 （人还在那没回来）have been to 去过某地 （人已经回来）eg. Where is Jackson? He has gone to Canada, and he has been there a great number of times. 他去加拿大了，他去过那好多次。a small town in the centre of Australia. 澳大利亚中央的一个小城市。同位语 6. He will soon visit Darwin. 一帮将来时 7From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. fly flew flown 1) 飞，飞行，航行 eg. Birds fly. 2) 飞行器的飞行，航行，操纵，乘坐飞行器飞行 fly a kite 放风筝 fly a plane 驾驶飞机 fly to Paris 乘飞机去巴黎 fly the Atlantic 飞跃大西洋 eg. The children flew to meet their mother. 孩子们飞奔着去接妈妈。 Its late now. I must fly. 现在已经很晚了。 我必须抓紧时间了。 How time flies! 时光过的多块呀！2) n. 苍蝇 eg. There is a fly in the soup. 汤里有个苍蝇。The bird has flown. 要抓的人跑掉了。（警用）Pigs might fly. 猪都会飞了。 即使有奇迹也不太可能出现的东西。（表示对某事不相信）eg. Tom gives up smoking? Yes, pigs might fly!before 1) prep. 在.之前 Before lunch 在午饭之前 before 10 oclock 在10点钟之前2) conj. 在.之前 eg. Do it before you forget it. 在你忘掉之前去完成它。 3) adv. 以前，过去 eg. Ive seen the film before. 我以前看过这个电影。eg. He has never been abroad before. 他以前从没出过国。 he is finding this trip very exciting very exciting 宾语补足语 find + 宾语+ 宾补 eg. I find English difficult but interesting. 我发现英语很难但是很有趣。eg. I find the room empty. 我发现房子是空的。 eg. They find the girl diligent and beautiful. 他们发现这个女孩又勤奋又漂亮。现在完成时 have / has + 动词的过去分词表达过去发生的动作对现在存在的影响；或者表达过去一直持续到现在并可能持续下去的动作或状态。通常搭配一段时间或者不定时间的副词 表示不确定时间的:already, yet, just, ever, never, 表示一段时间的:so far, up till now, since, for a long time, in the last few years, these days把句子变成现在完成时形式：The bell is ringing. 铃正在响。 The bell has just rang. 铃刚刚响过。1. He is leaving the house.他正要离开房子。He has just left the house.他刚刚离开房子。2. He is having breakfast. 他正在吃早饭。 He has just had breakfast. 他刚刚吃过早饭。3. She is writing a letter.她正在写信。She has just written a letter.她刚刚写完一封信。4. My sister is turning on the radio. 我的姐姐正在打开收音机。 My sister has just turned on the radio. 我的姐姐刚刚打开收音机。5. My mother is making the bed. 我的妈妈正在铺床。 My mother has just made the bed. 我的妈妈刚刚铺完床。 6. She is buying a new hat.她正在买顶新帽子。She has just bought a new hat.她刚刚买了顶新帽子 把句子变成现在完成时的否定形式： He is still having breakfast. He hasnt had breakfast yet. 他还没有吃早饭呢。 1He is still washing the dishes. 他正在洗碗呢。 He hasnt washed the dishes yet. 他还没有洗碗呢。 2. She is still making the beds. 她正在铺床。 She hasnt made the beds yet. 她还没有铺床呢。 3. He is still combing his hair. 他正在梳头。 He hasnt combed his hair yet. 他还没有梳头呢 4. She is still sweeping the carpet. 她正在打扫地毯。 She hasnt swept the carpet yet. 她还没有打扫地毯呢。 5. We are still reading “Macbeth”. 我正在读 麦克白。 We havnt read “Macbeth” yet. 我们还没有读 。 把句子变成现在完成时的疑问形式： Ive already had lunch. 我已经吃过饭了。 Have you had lunch yet? 你吃过饭了吗？1. Ive already seen the new paly at “The Globe”. 我们已经在环球剧院看过这部戏了。 Have you seen the new paly at “The Globe” yet? 2. Ive already taken my holidays. 我已经休过假了。 Have you take your holidays yet? 3. Ive already read this book. 我读过这本书了 Have you read this book yet? 4. Ive already done my homework. 我刚刚做完作业了 Have you done your homework yet? 5. Ive already finished my work. 我已经完成我的工作 Have you finished your work yet? Special difficulties - Receive and Takereceive: I have just received a letter from my brother. 我刚刚收到了我弟的一封信。take:Someone has taken my pen. 有人拿走了我的钢笔。1. Yesterday I _ a present from Aunt Jane. Received 2. Have you _ a letter from him yet? Received 3. I _ the letter with me. Took 4. He has _ some flowers to her. Taken 5. Why did you _ this book off the shelf? Take Exercises 1. Tim has been in Australia for six months. His brother hasnt seen him _ January.A. for B. since C. from D. by A. for 只有表示同一段时间的词连用时才能用在现在完成时中。 for six months for one year C. from常跟介词to连用表示“从.到.”，它很少用于现在完成时态；D. by 可以表示“到.为止”，通常用于表示过去完成时和将来完成时；B. since 可以加个时间的点可以用在现在完成时中。表示“自从”的意思。 B 2. He has just bought an Australian car. He bought one _.A. a short time ago B. a long time ago C. last year D. six months ago A. 不久之前 B. 很久之前 C. 去年 D. 半年之前 A3. He will soon visit Darwin. He will visit Darwin _ .A. quickly B. for a short time C. shortly D. in a hurry A. 快速地 B. 时间很短； C. 不久 D. 匆忙地 C4. It is not difficult to _ the idea that machines can communicate information to us. A. admit B. receive C. accept D. convince A. 表“承认”的意思； B. 强调收到这一动作，不包括本人是否愿意接受的意思；C. 强调主动接受 D. 表“说服”的意思 C补充内容-量词a blanket of 一层；一片 eg. The ground was covered by a thick blanket of snow. 地面上覆盖着厚厚一层雪。a carpet of 一厚层 eg. Theres a carpet of snow outside. 外面已下了厚厚一层雪。