中国茶文化（Chinese tea culture）.doc

中国茶文化（Chinese tea culture）Chinas tea culture, China is the hometown of tea, tea and tea drinking has been several thousand years of history, famous products, the main varieties are green tea, black tea, oolong tea, jasmine tea, white tea, yellow tea. The tea has the curative effect of body building and curing diseases. It also appreciates the interest and cultivates the sentiment. Tea, hospitality is Chinese personal elegant entertainment and social activities, teahouse, tea is the tea activities Chinese social groups. Chinese tea art enjoys a high reputation in the world. It was introduced into Japan in the Tang Dynasty and formed the Japanese tea ceremony.Tea drinking started in china. The tea leaves are washed with boiling water, followed by natural, clear and sweet taste, and the intrinsic flavor of tea is emphasized. The artistic conception of tea is emphasized, which is the characteristic of Chinese tea. The same quality tea, such as different water, tea sets or different brewing techniques, soaked tea will have different results. Since ancient times, China has paid great attention to the brewing of tea, and has accumulated rich experience. Soak tea, we must understand the characteristics of various types of tea, master the scientific brewing technology, so that the inherent quality of tea can be fully demonstrated.Chinese people drink tea, pay attention to a "product" word. Tea is not only the identification of tea quality, but to meditate and taste the feeling of drinking tea. Make a pot of tea in your busy time, choose a quiet place, Zizhenziyin, can banish fatigue and the mind and spirit, also can drink it slowly to the enjoyment of the United States, so that the spirit of the world into a sublime realm of art. The environment of tea tasting is generally composed of buildings, gardens, decorations, tea sets and so on. Tea drinking requires quiet, fresh, comfortable and clean. Chinese gardens are well known in the world, the landscape is countless. Use of the natural landscape or garden erection teahouse, let people rest, interesting.Chinese is an ancient civilization, a state of ceremonies, decorum. Where to the guests teajingcha the etiquette is essential. When visitors come, ask for advice, choose the best guest and the best tea set. When tea is served, it is also necessary to match the tea properly. In accompany guests tea masters, should pay attention to the cups and pots of tea residue, the general use tea cup, if he has to drink half, it is necessary to add boiling water, with the drink with Tim, the concentration of tea remained consistent, suitable water temperature. May be served at tea time with tea, candy and other dishes, snacks taste and achieve the function of regulating.Formation and development of Chinese tea cultureChina is the hometown of tea. It is the first country in the world to discover tea trees, use tea and cultivate tea trees. The origin of tea trees has been at least sixty thousand or seventy thousand years old. Tea has been discovered and used by human beings, with a history of about four years.The use of tea was originally bred in wild gathering activities. In that ancient legend "Shennong is delicate yuti, see the lung and liver organs", the reason is that "if the delicate yuti, taste the medicine a day in twelve poison, why is the solution?" Another said "Shennong in twelve days, poison, tea and the solution." Two although are not at all, but a spirit faint information is worth noting: "tea" in the eating process long, people pay attention to some of the medical use of "medicine". This is a reflection of the times Hong Huang Yi.In accordance with the "Book of Songs" and other relevant documents and records, in the pre history, "Tu" refers to all types of bitter wild plant food raw materials. In food and medicine in one period, tea plant oil thirst, the Qing God, Xiaoshi, in addition to Zhang, convenient until the medicinal function is not hard to find. However, special drinks developed from generic medicinal herbs must also have some special factors, namely, specific needs in peoples real life. Sichuan to disease multiple "miasma". "The people live with tea, and they lack it."." (Qing Zhou Zhu "in" journey to Ailian 2) so people often eating spicy Sichuan folk habits, for thousands of years, still. It is this natural geographical conditions and the decision of the peoples diet custom, making Bashu people first "Jianchaling" apart from taking to miasma, relieving fever. Take a long time to learn,Medicinal purpose gradually disappeared, and tea has become a daily drink. When Qin people entered Ba Shu, it was possible to see the tea drinking custom as a daily drink.Tea is converted from medicine to drink, and the strict sense of "tea" comes into being. Its typical sign is the emergence of "Cha" sound. Guo Puzhu "Er Ya Shimu" "tea" cloud: "the tree as small as gardenia, winter leaves, boil soup to drink. This calls for the early adoption of tea, the late taker for the tea, a Chuan, Shu name bitter tea." Therefore, Chinese word "tea" has to drink "tea" the pronunciation of "tea", "tea" by separation, and embarked on the road of development of "independent". But the appearance of "tea" the word is accompanied by the development of tea business and commercial activities have become increasingly frequent, until later in the Tang Dynasty, is also in line with the new symbol of the social life of the people in such a text changes.China begin to drink tea, as a formal document, Western Han Dynasty tea business records, the starting time when drinking earlier than this. Tea culture appearance, is in the Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties period.Tea culture, in broad sense, is divided into two parts: the natural science of tea and the humanistic science of tea. It refers to the sum of the material wealth and spiritual wealth created by tea in the course of human social practice. In a narrow sense, it focuses on the humanistic science of tea, mainly referring to the function of tea to the mind and society. Since the natural science of tea has become an independent system, the tea culture which is often talked about now emphasizes on the humanities.Long before the three tea culture enlightenmentA lot of books found that the tea set for 2737-2697 BC, its history can be pushed to Three Emperors and Five Sovereigns. The Eastern Han Dynasty Hua Tuo "the fresh": "Kucha for food, and mean" medical records of the value of tea. The origin of the Western Han Dynasty county tea named "Tu Ling", namely Hunan, Chaling.The tea culture in Jin Dynasty, the northern and Southern Dynasties sproutWith the rise of literati tea, the poems and songs about tea came out gradually. Tea has been divorced from the diet as a general form and entered the cultural circle, playing a certain spiritual and social role. Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties, the family system has been formed, not only the emperor, nobles and scholars gather rampant, officials are proud boast ho fu fighting, multi effect cream Liang atsumi. In this case, some put forward the "honesty" of a person with breadth of vision. Thus, the emergence of Lu Na, Huan Wen tea instead of wine. Wu Qi Dynasty emperor is a relatively enlightened emperor, he does not like to travel and feast, died under the testament, said that he died after the funeral to be as frugal, not to sacrifice to Sansheng, only put some rice, fruit cake and chafan can. And to "the world and with the salty system." In Lu Na, Huan Wen, Emperor Wu Qi there, tea drinking not only for refreshing thirst, it began to produce social work, to have, as a tea to entertain guests, to sacrifice and show a spirit, sentiment means. Tea drinking has not been used solely for its natural use and value, but has entered the spiritual realm.During the Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties, the world was in turmoil, and all kinds of cultural thoughts collided with each other. Metaphysics was quite popular. Metaphysics is a philosophical trend of thought in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. It mainly combines the ideas of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi with confucianism. Metaphysicians are so-called celebrities, the importance, appearance, instrument, Hyun loving nothingness of light. The Eastern Jin Dynasty, Nan Dynasty, Jiangnan affluent scholars to be temporary to meet, hang around all day in Qingshanxiushui between light winds to continue to develop, resulting in many light home. The first home talk much later, drinker, talk of the wind gradually developed to ordinary people. Metaphysicians like ordinary speech, talk also like talk with eloquence. Wine makes people excited, but drinking more will chokeable, talk rubbish beneath elegant. Tea drinking and may be Jingri always awake, it is clear thinking, and peace of mind. Moreover, the general terms of the literati, all day and wine dealing with the economic conditions are not allowed. So many metaphysicians, talk to wine home from the village. Tea drinking has been treated as a mental phenomenon among them.With the introduction of Buddhism and the rise of Taoism, tea drinking has been associated with Buddhism and taoism. In the Taoist view, tea is to help Lian "inner alchemy," shengqingjiangzhuo, light is a good way to repair, ever-young body; in the Buddhist view, tea is a brooding meditation fixture. Although this fashion has not formed a complete religious tea drinking ceremony and clarified the principles of tea, tea has been divorced from the state of food as a form of food. It has obvious social and cultural functions, and the Chinese tea culture has taken shape.The formation of "tea culture in Tang Dynasty780 years of Lu Yu "tea", is a sign of the formation of tea culture in Tang dynasty. Tea has summed up its natural and humanities dual content, discusses the art of tea, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism into the tea, the first tea spirit China. After tea and a large number of books, tea, "tea", "have the fried tea", "tea", "Sixteen soup" etc. The rise and formation of Zen tea culture in Tang Dynasty to teach, because tea is refreshing thought, spermatogenic function of thirst, the temple advocates tea, tea trees planted around the temple, the development of the tea ceremony, tea hall, was the first election of tea, tea activities. In the Tang Dynasty, the Chinese tea ceremony was divided into palace tea ceremony, temple tea ceremony and literati tea ceremony.The prosperity of Song Dynasty tea cultureTea industry in the Song Dynasty has been greatly developed, which has promoted the development of tea culture. Among the literati, there are professional tea tasting associations, soup associations composed of officials, and Buddhist "thousand people club". Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin is a scholar of tea, tea set up organs in the palace, the palace has been graded tea. Tea ceremony has become a ritual, which has become an important means to win over the tea emperor minister, family dependents, but also give foreign envoys. As for the lower class, vitality of tea culture is more lively, people migrate the neighbourhood to "Xiancha", a guest, to respect the "gold ingot tea", when engaged to "tea", married to "the tea", "tea to her". The Folk Tea wind, and brought a series of changes in the cooking.Since the Yuan Dynasty, tea culture has entered a period of twists and turns. The development of the tea culture of the social and cultural forms, tea things are booming, but the tea to complicated, trivial, luxury, lost the Tang Dynasty tea culture profound ideological connotation, too delicate tea flooded the tea culture, lost the essence of Gao Jies profound. In the imperial court, nobles and literati there, tea has become "drinking ceremony", "drinking style", "playing tea."".In the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongols entered the Central Plains, marking the quickening pace of the overall integration of the Chinese nation. On the one hand, although the northern ethnic minorities love tea, but mainly due to life, physical, but from the culture of the tea for tea fun little things give; on the other hand, the face of Han culture country broken, ethnic oppression, but also inadvertently tea thing again to express their merry Ti Tang, and hope through the performance of their sentiments tea, hone their will. These two different ideological trends in the tea culture in the agreement, to promote the development of tea ceremony to recover the original simplicity simplicity, direction. The middle Ming Dynasty, the Han nationality on the previous generation for death, the Ju founding a state is difficult, so still with Li Festival at. Tea culture still carries on the trend of the Yuan Dynasty. It shows that the tea art is simple, the tea culture essence, the candy and the nature agree, and the tea shows its own bitter festival.The popularity of "Ming and tea cultureAt this point there has been steamed, roasted, baked green and other tea, tea drinking has been changed to "pinch bubble law", the Ming dynasty literati have many masterpieces, such as Tang Bohus "Pengcha picture", "tea", Wen Zhimings "Huishan tea party", "Lu Yu Pengcha map", "tea map" etc. The increase in tea, tea brewing skills are different, tea sets of styles, textures, patterns in different ways. To the Qing Dynasty tea export has become one of the official sector, tea books, tea tea, too many to count.The development of modern tea cultureAfter the founding of new China, Chinas tea from 1949 of the annual output of 7500T development to more than 60 T in 1998. Tea is a substantial increase in material wealth for the development of tea culture in China provides a solid foundation,In 1982, Hangzhou established the first to promote the tea culture for the purpose of social groups - tea house, was established in 1983 in Hubei Lu Yu teaculture, 1990 "China Tea Association" was founded in Beijing, 1993 "China International Tea Culture Research Association was established in 1991 in the lake delta, Chinese Tea Museum the official opening in Hangzhou West Lake township. In 1998, China International Peace tea culture exchange hall was built. With the rise of tea culture, tea museums are becoming more and more. The international tea culture seminar has opened in fifth circles, attracting Japanese, Korean, American, Australian and Hong Kong and Taiwan regions to participate in it. Main producing provinces and cities and counties were organized tea tea festival such as Fujian Wuyi Rock Tea Festival City Yunnan puertea Festival Xinchang, Taishun, Zhejiang, Hubei Yingshan, Henan Xinyang Tea Festival be too numerous to enumerate. Tea as the carrier, to promote comprehensive economic and trade development.In a word, the history and development of Chinese tea is not only a process of forming a simple diet culture, but also a spiritual characteristic of a nation with 5000 years of history.Tea is the