艺术-艺术是表现德国表现主义到新表现主义（Art - art is German Expressionism to Neo expressionism）.doc

艺术-艺术是表现德国表现主义到新表现主义（Art - art is German Expressionism to Neo expressionism）Abstract art is the "performance" criticism as a new theory of art and literature. From 1920s to 30s. At that time, many young Germans and the Europeans are trying to break the "art imitates" concept to create a new form of art, the art is of some concepts and ideas of expressionism. In the postmodern era, for "art is a manifestation of the new further interpretation, and thus more in-depth understanding of this new type.Keywords performance point of view is the performance of the new German Expressionism expressionist artSince ancient times, art creation theory, is torn between simulation theory and creation. West to the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle first proposed the art is to imitate or mimic theory, was later revered as the theory of imitation (theory ofmimesis, or theory of imitation): Platon is the founder of the theory of creativity (theory of creativity) master. Aristotle stressed that art works by copying simulation surface appearance, the use of different materials, different people through which the artists hand and made. Platon is the famous art of contempt. He opposed the consciousness of art is the imitation or simulation theory. Put forward a set of his own theory, that the source of artistic creation is human creativity, art is to capture the abstraction and simplification of the concept of work. Platon put the art work for rational abstraction, art has been described as the concept of magic master, only rational, consciously by the philosopher to complete. But from the point of view of the history of Western art, Aristotles imitation / mimic theory has the upper hand, after hundreds of years, has been the dominant ideology of Western art theory and aesthetics. During the Renaissance, on the one hand, Platons theory of a new understanding, on the one hand and the Renaissance of the simulation of the art of ancient greece. In eighteenth Century, William Blake (WilliamBlack) returned to Platons theory, criticism of Renaissance art imitating the real practice, there is no life repeating myself, do not stop to art. From the end of nineteenth Century, the French impressionist painter, to his own artistic creation to break through the art simulation theory, but the postimpressionist until twentieth Century, Van Gogh and Gauguin truly makes artistic creation out of simulated bondage, art can be shown. The artists inner feelings, desires, hopes, etc. can be expressed by the ideal of art. Therefore, from the aesthetic theory. Van Gogh and Gauguins contribution can not be ignored. Art theory can be said to be the core idea of modern art in twentieth Century. Although many modern art factions, but both Kandinsky (Kandinsky), Mondriaan (Mondrlan), (Malevich) or Greenberg Lenin wiki (Greenberg) concept artists and scientists have reason to insist on Platons chatter without stop: art is by inspiration or imagination to Philosophy and true to india. We previously introduced the dada artist Duchamp in 1913, the bicycle wheel upside down. The first time against the pursuit of western culture and art in the field of art for a long time for the metaphysical endless, from this point of view, Duchamp should be regarded as the greatest master of contemporary western aesthetics.Later in the post modern times "deconstructionist" further shattered Duchamp for art can reach the metaphysical philosophy and reality can be made one of doubt and pursuit. The mention of art is the concept of performance, people can not fail to mention the German expressionist painting, and later the emergence of the New Expressionism etc.1, German ExpressionismAny Western knowledge of the history of art, modern art in Germany know the contribution of Germany is an important country in the development of western modern art. German Expressionism, Dadaism, expressionism and Boice, Bauhaus and after for the development of modern art plays an important role in promoting. However, in 1930s, with Hitler after the Nazi regime in 1933. The development of modern art in Germany appeared stagnant situation. Hitler modern art known as "decadence", ordered the public exhibition of modern art is, what is more, some modern artists of persecution and repression. The reason for the Nazi modernism against reason, is the result of the time to expressionism in Germany as a representative of the modernist artists obvious political overtones. This political color after the first World War and continue to be strengthened, and the war appeared in German Expressionism, Dadaism and appears particularly objective realism, more directed at the ugliness of the dark side of the German bourgeoisie, which makes the German Nazi government modernism is absolutely not allowed to exist in germany.In 1933 Hitlers Nazi fascist regime forced and published by the new government regulations for the artist - said in the formulation of the regulations of Hitler, marshal Green, the propaganda minister Gbel. In November 1933, established the "German" visual arts organization. The German government again according to the regulations, all relevant provisions in Germany, artists and art professionals are occupation, membership registration within a prescribed time limit. All the members have to be loyal to the German government, to promote the healthy development of German culture and arts "". As of 1938, the art will have about 3200 more than 15000 sculptor and painter, became Europes largest art group. Directly controlled by the government of the art center of leadership, decided to formally approve the registration of the membership, and formulate the rules, review of qualified grant membership, unqualified persons are not allowed art activities; what is more, there are some artists are considered "dissidents and decadent, exile and arrested. Backman, in the first batch to be criticized and attacked the persecution of artists Groz, Dix, Mark, that the G, Nolde et al - they mostly German expressionist Artist: Picasso is not in german. Matisse, Mei Jinjie, Lu and other art is also included.Worthy of praise is the German modernist artist never gave up art. In early 1920, they held the German Dadaist art exhibition, the creation of John Helvelds collage "Green: Administration" of the Third Reich directly targeting the Nazi leader Green. In order to combat German modernist art,At the same time advocating Nazi art policy, 1930. Run by Green personally held a "German art house" large-scale art exhibition at the opening ceremony, Hitler delivered to the German modernist art of strangling madly. But this did not scare off the integrity of the German artist. In 1937, they held the "Art Exhibition" in contemporary Germany in the German city of Munich, the German artist brave also won the support of the German people, there are about 2000000 people visited and held at the same time supported by official Germany "great German art exhibition", only 600 thousand people to visit. But most of them are the Nazi Party organization of the audience.At the time of active German expressionist artist Max Beckman (Max Becimann), early in the war. He has become famous. In the middle of 1930s. He is the new German "objectivism (New Obiectivity) of the activists. In the reign of Hitler the Nazi regime. He was not afraid of power, violence, evil forces etc. With a real artist conscience and social phenomenon of criticism and attack the reactionary germany. He often uses historical German classical mythology, folk tales as a theme and raw material, through the symbolic metaphor, image compression will be contained in a screen space. To contact the emotions of the audience almost to the point of suffocation. But his paintings with age, ethnic and political criticism value. Is considered to be one of the greatest artists in Germany in twentieth Century.Otto Dicks (Otto Dix) is a German "new objectivism" genre painter. He is not Backmans straightforward bold attack and hot, his style is almost classical. But he takes his insight into the nuanced social attitudes to sit on the sidelines, and strict in demands seriously. Depict them in the picture, he is loyal to the Western Europe with traditional techniques like Germany, Holland, citing the model of classical masters.The famous German expressionist painter George Groz (George G rosz), Ernst Ludwig Kchina (Ernst-Ludwig Kirchner), Franz Mark (Franz Mark) Emil Nolde (Emil Nolde).2, Joseph Boyce: a great artistIn the modern - contemporary art history, there are many outstanding, the real art of great people, they not only have the great genius of art creation. But more important is that they have the spirit of humanism. Picasso, Qi Baishi, Zhang Daqian is so, this is the United Nations says they are great, great cultural reasons. German artist Joseph Boyce is recognized with Picasso racing together bridle to bridle master.Joseph Boyce (Joseph Beuys1921 1986) was born on 1921, in the study of biology, natural science, entomology, animal science, love nature, during the Second World War was combed, became a German air force pilot. In 1943, he was driving a shuttle mission, was hit by gunfire in Crimea over the peninsula, crash landing broke into serious injuries. Thanks to the local indigenous people of Bohemia - rescue, be snatched from the jaws of death. He studied sculpture at Academy of Fine Arts in Dusseldorf in postwar germany. He attended a variety of schools.Including performance art, installation art creation.In 1961, Boice became a professor at Academy of Fine Arts in Dusseldorf, he believes that education is the best place to realize his artistic ideas, he is extremely naive seriously, his democratic thought and the idea of social sculpture into education, he put the classroom into an open to all people, and allows students to create their own comprehensive hall. He said that education should be comprehensive on human shape. In 1967, also is the cultural revolution in China, Boice announced the establishment of a German university party, later transformed into the German Democratic Party, still active. The French student movement, Boice led the German students to revolt, the occupation of the school office, and later he was arrested by the police, the school released his teaching for six years, Boice has become popular in Western Europe and soon masters. From 1962 to 1967, Boice held a number of Fluxus art exhibition. 1964. He Chun Industrial University in sub stage, add detergent and refuse to let a piano, piano and shrill sad sound, a student came to understand what meaning, beating Boice, nose bleeding was hit, but he did not fight back, but from the bosom to come up with a statue of Christ, with the left hand holding his head on the right hand for silence, the audience suddenly awe. This image became his standard like - reflect his artistic spirit of art has a therapeutic effect. Boice is an active, and even some fanatical idealists, he said: I have no interest to conceal the disease and defects, I put my Democratic duty and education as more people wake up. He is concerned about the significance of Anthropology of art, and art for the influence of society, the role of education. He strongly opposed the US business culture and art, more than once publicly criticized.He is an environmental activist, in 1980 he participated in the European parliament election meeting, organized a street and forest, 1982, in the seventh Cassell literature show, he took out an exhibition titled "behavior of 700 oak trees", called for artists and audiences with trees, and hands for the oak trees, although due to his death. He failed to see the 700 tree planting situation, but he awakened the people to protect the natural conscience: planting plan was finally completed in 1987, to participate in tree planting is not only the artists, and the European heads of state, the United Nations officials, children, old men, soldiers and doctors. Now, when people watch this piece of lush oak forest, no one does not miss Boice the most human great artist.3, New ExpressionismThe new German Expressionism appeared as early as 1960s, to the end of 70s, the gradual development and growth, the formation of a new school. Most of the New Expressionism artists born between the Second World War and war. This generation has been abandoned in the early 20th century with those avant-garde artists of the revolutionary spirit, and become more realistic. They dont care what amazing art and lofty ideal, they learn from the creation of the material and the origin from the contemporary social reality: business consulting, advertising, fashion, film and television image,Advertisement。 Illustrations, photographs, magazines, what. PHILPS Gesidun (Philip Guaston) is the new expressionist painter. He painted the light bulb, cigarettes, cigars, shoes, garments, shirts and trousers portrait, no nose and eyes the face mask, nail nail stick etc. these imply personal meaning of figurative painting.The German New Expressionism (Nouvelle Expressionism), which is based on George Baselitz (Geo RG Baselitz) and Sigma Polk (Sigmar Polke) two as the two representative of the new art movement. George Baselitz (1938 -) was born in East Germany, accepted art education in East Germany, East Germany is already a part of the former Soviet Union socialist style of art, the reality of socialism in the former Soviet Union influence throughout Eastern Europe, Barcelona Liz dissatisfaction and opposition to East Germany was art trend, with political immaturity as the reason for the expelled from East Berlin art school at the age of 19, came to the west, immediately into the abstract expressionist art. He is committed to the pursuit of truth, but his personal tragedy is, unfortunately, he lived at a monastery in northern Germany of the castle. Here is the original Munster Princes mansion, but after the baptism of the war and post-war troops destroyed, already in shreds and patches. Here, Barcelona Liz developed his own artistic style in his works is an inverted image. This inversion is not just for the audiences, the artist in the creation of the painting is upside down, with Barcelona Lizs own words, this creative approach is to "lead to confusion and shock, showing a challenge." It is through this way, he put the audiences attention was attracted to the screen itself, and not focus on the theme of Liz, Barcelonas images are drawn with strong colors and bold strokes, looks very rough, pathos.Sigma - pork (1942) is another artist, he is familiar with almost all of the visual media, can choose any creation, he also said that he can comprehensive creation by any one or several ways, he even used a toxic paint painting, is a composition containing arsenic pigment. He takes extreme spicy attitude, relentless satire of American commercial art and academic amb