中考定语从句复习策略的探究与创新.doc

精品文档 中考定语从句复习策略的探究与创新 中考定语从句复习策略的探究与创新 定语从句是初中阶段英语教学中的重点和难点。一直以来，不少教师在教学中都有共同的感觉：自己意会，难以言传。导致许多学生理解难接受慢运用死效果差。为此，我在实际教学工作中，不断地反思，运用不同的方法进行尝试，通过学生提问作业测试的反馈信息来看，在这一方面有了较有成效的突破，现介绍如下，以供鉴赏。 一复合句的实质：二句合一 任何从句在口语或书面语中都不能单独使用，因为它是充当另外一个句子即主句的某一句子成分的，构成主从复合句。所以，含有定语从句最基本复合句的实质是二句合一。 二合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地 也就是说，如果某一个人或事物在第一个句子中出现，又以它含义上的名词代词形容词或副词形式在第二个句子中出现，具备这样的条件，我们就可以把两个句子合并成含有定语从句的复合句。 三合并方法：分三步. 留舍替 先主语人who/that 物which/that 行宾语人who/who/that 物which/that 定语人Whose 词物Whose/ofwhich 状语时间When 地点where 原因why 定语从句所限定的名词或代词叫先行词.为方便起见,我们把引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词等统称为引导词，通过上述合并条件和合并方法可以看出，先行词和引导词在含义上互指。 四举例说明： 1Iliethegirl1veryuch.She2singsanddancesbestinourschool. 释：1和2在含义上互指，符合合并条件，保留先行词thegirl，舍去 主语she，用引导词who/that来代替，于是得到：Iliethegirlwho/thatsingsand dancesbestinourschoolveryuch. 2.Thisistheplace1.Wevisitedit2withourfriendslastwee. 释:1和2在含义上互指，符合合并条件，保留先行词theplace，舍去宾语it,用引导词which/that来代替或省略，于是得到：Thisistheplacewhich/thatwevisitedwithourfriendslastwee 3.Thatisaproble1.Itcanbeworedoutinthreeways2. 释：1和2在含义上互指，符合合并条件，保留先行词proble，舍去主语 it,用引导词that/which来代替,于是得到：Thatisaproblethat/whichcanbeworedout inthreeways. 4.Theanager1willgivesoeanytothevillagetobuildaschool.Ientionedhi2toyouafewdaysago. 释：1和2在含义上互指，符合合并条件，保留先行词theanager,舍去宾语hi，用引导词who/who/that来代替或省略，于是得到：Theanagerwho/who/thatIentionedtoyouafewdaysagowillgivesoeoneytothevillagetobuild aschool. 5canyoutellesoethingaboutthean1.youhadatalwithhijustnow2. 释：1和2在含义上互指，符合合并条件，保留先行词thean，舍去介词宾语hi人,注意：介词后置常用引导词who/that来代替或省略；介词前置常用who来代替，于是得到：canyoutellesoethingabouttheanwho/thatyouhadatalwithjustnow.canyoutellesoethingaboutthetheanwithwhoyouhadataljustnow. 6.ourhoetownisasallvillage1.Thereisahillinfrontofit2. 释：1和2在含义上互指，符合合并条件，保留先行词village，舍去介词宾语it物,注意：介词后置常用引导词that来代替或省略；介词前置常用which来代替,于是得到：.ourhoetownisasallvillagethatthereisahillinfrontof. ourhoetownisasallvillaginfrontofwhichthereisahill. 7Iwillneverforgetthedays1.Ilivedandstudiedwithyclassatesatcollegeinthedays2. 释：1和2在含义上互指，符合合并条件，保留先行词thedays，舍去介词宾语thedays,注意：介词后置常用引导词that来代替或省略；介词前置常用which来代替;舍去时间壮语inthedays,用引导词when来代替,于是得到： .IwillneverforgetthedaysthatIlivedandstudiedwithyclassatesatcollegein. .IwillneverforgetthedaysinwhichIlivedandstudiedwithyclassatesatcollege. .IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIlivedandstudiedwithyclassatesatcollege. 五：原理运用：要求逆向思维 汉译英：分三步先分后译再合 例：我们昨天参观的那个工厂是去年建的 .分：那个工厂是去年建的。我们昨天参观它。 译：Thefactorywasbuiltlastyear.Wevisitedityesterday. 合：Thefactorywhich/thatwevisitedyesterdaywasbuiltlastyear 英译汉：含有定语从句最基本复合句的实质是二句合一，先行词和引导词在含义上互指。既可合译又可分译。 例1：Ilieaingfriendswhoareliee.我喜欢交像我一样的朋友 例2：Thereisafactorypouringwastewaterintotheriverinwhichthewatercannotbeusedfordriningandallfishhavedisappeared.有一家工厂在向这条河里倾注废水，在这条河里，水已不能用来饮用，而且所有鱼已消失。theriver与which互指。 六.注意事项 1.主谓一致：当引导词作定语从句的主语时，因先行词与引导词在含以上互指，所以定语从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一致；当引导词不作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的形式与直接的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 例1.Theyarethestudentswhoarefrojapan. 例2.Theyarethestudentswhotheteacherliesbest. 2.须“that”引导：在初中阶段，定语从句必须用“that”引导的情形主要有一下几种： .先行词是不定代词例：ThisisallthatIneed. .先行词被最高级修饰例：HeisthebeststudentthatIhavetaught. .先行词被序数词修饰例：Heisthefirststudentthatgottoschoolthisorning. .先行词为人、物并列结构例：Ilietheanandhisdogthatarefrothecountry. 3.介词的前后置：当引导词作介词的宾语时，先行词是人，介词前置必须用who引导， 介词后置，可用who/who/that引导；先行词是物，介词前置必须用 which引导，介词后置，可用which/that引导. 对于学生来说，这种方法能为他们在旧知与新知之间难度跨越上搭起平台，实现新旧知识顺利衔接思维能力平稳提升。 七。实际操作练习技能提升能力 1.Donttalaboutsuchthingsof_youarenotsure. A.whichB.whatc.asD.those 2.Isthisthefactory_youvisitedtheotherday? A.thatB.wherec.inwhichD.theone 3.Isthisfactory_soeforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday? A.thatB.wherec.whichD.theone 4.Isthisthefactory_heworedtenyearsago? A.thatB.wherec.whichD.theone 5.Thewolveshidtheselvesintheplaces_couldntbefound. A.thatB.wherec.inwhichD.inthat 6.Thefreezingpointistheteperature_waterchangesintoice. A.atwhichB.onthatc.inwhichD.ofwhat 7.Thisboowillshowyou_canbeusedinothercontexts. A.howyouhaveobservedB.whatyouhaveobserved c.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved 8.Thereasonis_heisunabletooperatetheachine. A.becauseB.whyc.thatD.whether 9.Illtellyou_hetoldelastwee. A.allwhichB.thatc.allthatD.which 10.Thattree,_branchesarealostbare,isveryold. A.whoseB.ofwhichc.inwhichD.onwhich 11.Ihaveboughtthesaedress_sheiswearing. A.asB.thatc.whichD.what 12.Hefailedintheexaination,_adehisfatherveryangry. A.whichB.itc.thatD.what 13.Weretalingaboutthepianoandthepianist_wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight. A.whichB.whoc.whoD.that 14.Thegirl_anEnglishsonginthenextrooisTossister. A.whoissingingB.issingingc.sangD.wassinging 15.Those_notonlyfroboosbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed. A.learnB.whoc.thatlearnsD.wholearn 16.Anyone_thisopinionayspeaout. A.thatagainstB.thatagainstc.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst 17.Didntyouseethean_? A.InoddedjustnowB.whoInoddedjustnow c.InoddedtohijustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow 18.canyoulendethenovel_theotherday? A.thatyoutaledB.youtaledaboutit c.whichyoutaledwithD.youtaledabout 19.Isthereanything_toyou? A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongs c.thatbelongD.whichbelongs 20.-“Howdoyoulietheboo?” -“Itsquitedifferentfro_Ireadlastonth.” A.thatB.whichc.theoneD.theonewhat 21.r.Zhanggavethetextbootoallthepupilsexcept_whohadalreadytaenthe. A.theonesB.onesc.soeD.theothers 22.Thetrain_shewastravellingwaslate. A.whichB.wherec.onwhichD.inthat 23.Hehaslosttheeytothedrawer_thepapersareept. A.whereB.inwhichc.underwhichD.which 24.Antarctic_wenowverylittleiscoveredwiththicicealltheyearround. A.whichB.wherec.thatD.aboutwhich 25.Itsthethirdtie_latethisonth. A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrived c.thatyouvearrivedD.whenyouvearrived 26.Itwasin1969_theAericanastronautsucceededinlandingontheoon. A.thatB.whichc.whenD.inwhich 27.aythefourthistheday_wechinesepeoplewillneverforget. A.whichB.whenc.onwhichD.aboutwhich 28.WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,_liveygrandparentsandsoerelatives. A.whichB.thatc.whoD.where 29.Thehotel_duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside. A.westayedatB.wherewestayedat c.westayedD.inthatwestayed 30.Isitinthatfactory_“RedFlag”carsareproduced? A.inwhichB.wherec.whichD.that 31.ItistheSuezcanal_separatesAsia_Africa. A.which,toB.where,fro c.that,froD.that,with 32.Underthebridge,however,alostdirectlybelow,_wasasallcanoe,withaboyinit. A.thereB.wherec.itD.which 33.Heisnot_afool_. A.such,asheislooedB.such,asheloos c.as,asheislooedD.so,asheloos 34.Isthatthereason_youareinfavouroftheproposal? A.whichB.whatc.whyD.forthat 35.HeustbefroAfrica,_canbeseenfrohissin. A.thatB.asc.whoD.what 36.Hehastwosons,_worascheists. A.twoofwhoB.bothofwho c.bothofwhichD.allofwho 37.I,_yourgoodfriend,willtryybesttohelpyouout. A.whoisB.whoac.thatisD.whatis 38.Heisaanofgreatexperience,_uchcanbelearned. A.whoB.thatc.frowhichD.frowho 39.-Doyounowthetownatall? -No,thisisthefirsttieI_here. A.wasB.havebeenc.caeD.acoing 40.Idontlie_youspeatoher. A.thewayB.thewayinthat c.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich 41.Thetwothings_theyfeltveryproudarejisgoldwatchandDellashair. A.aboutwhichB.ofwhich c.inwhichD.forwhich 42.Thedinnerwastheostexpensiveealwe_. A.wouldhaveB.havehad c.hadneverhadD.hadeverhad 43.Doyounowwhichhotel_? A.sheisstayingB.sheisstayingin c.isshestayingD.isshestayingin 44.Thereisonlyonething_Icando. A.whatB.thatc.allD.which 45.Whocanthinofasituation_thisidiocanbeused? A.whichB.thatc.whereD.inthat 46.Ihaveanyboos,soeof_areoncheistry. A.theB.thatc.whichD.those 47.Theywereinterested_youtoldthe. A.inwhichB.inthat c.allthatD.ineverything 48.Theastronautdidanyexperientsinthespaceship,_uchhelpfornowingspace. A.whichwethinitisB.whichwethinareof c.ofwhichwethinisD.Ithinwhichisof 49.Thegreatdaywelooedforwardto_atlast. A.coeB.caec.coingD.coes 50.Iliethesecondfootballatch_washeldlastwee. A.whichB.whoc.thatD./ 参考答案： 15AADBA610ABccA1115AADAD 1620cDDBc2125AcBDc2630AADAD 3135cABcB3640BBDBA4145BDBBc 4650cDBBc 2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作 独家原创 16 / 16