小学英语必背语法.doc

代词一、人称代词1，人称代词即表示“你、我、他、你们、我们、他们”等的词，它的人称、数和格的变化见下表：第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性主格I(我)you (你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they (他们,她们,它们)宾格me(我)you (你)him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我们)you(你们)them (他们,她们,它们)（主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作宾语。）人称代词主格用在句首作主语。She is sitting in a bus.她正坐在公共汽车上。人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。This pen isbad.I cant write with it.这支钢笔不好，我没法 用它写字。2.人称代词的排列顺序：1） 单数代词：you and I; you and he ; he and I ; you ,he and I2） 复数代词：we and they ; weand you ; you and they; we, you and they3） 第三人称单数代词：he and she*人称代词排序口诀：人称代词并列观，注意顺序礼貌见；单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三； 麻烦事情“我”站前，其他人称没意见；两性并用为三单，男先女后是习惯。二、物主代词: 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复 数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性形容词性my(我的)your(你的)his(他的)her(她的)its(它的)our(我们的)your(你们的)their (他们的,她们的,它们的)名词性mine(我的)Yours(你的)his(他的)hers(她的)its(她的)ours(我们的)yours(你们的)theirs(他们的,她们的,它们的)（名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词）例，Whose coat is this? 这是谁的上衣? Its hers. 是她的。hers= her coat*关于物主代词的口诀： 物主代词很重要，译成汉语都有“的” 后面必须加上物，否则就要犯错误，my your his her its our their 不放过。 形容词性是基础，除了我的 “mine”外，其他词尾“s”性 形物代能力差，出门常把名词加；名物代能力强，常来独去又独往。三、指示代词This (这个)- these (这些) 指近处的事物That (那个)- these (那些) 指远处的事物例：This is a book. 这是本书。Theseare some books. 这些是书。That is a car. 那是辆小汽车。Thoseare some cars. 那些是小汽车.代词练习题：一、根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Mary is afriend of _. ( I )2.This is _ ( she ) ruler. _ ( I ) is in the bag.3. Herbrother is too young to look after _ ( he )4. This is_ ( I ) book. This book is _ ( I ).5.These pens are _ ( we ).二、改写下列句子。 （例如：This is my book. - The book is mine. ）1. That is her ruler. _2. These are their footballs._3. This is my backpack ._4. Those are your boxes._三、把下列句子改写成复数。1. This is a butterfly._2. That is a bus._3. It is a mouse._一、帮下面的好朋友团圆 （连线）I      她的Its     我们  Her     他We     我He     它的介词一、 概述介词是英语中很活跃的词，一般置于名词之前。它常和名词或名词性词语构成介词短语。同一个介词常和不同的词语搭配形成固定搭配，表示不同意义。二、 常用介词的基本用法at表示时间： I go to school at seven every day 我每天早上7点去上学。表示在某一具体地点： He is standing at the bus stop 他站在公共汽车站。表示动作的方向、目标： Let me have a look at the picture 让我看看这幅图。用于某些固定搭配： at once 立刻、马上  at last 最后at the same time 同时 at first 开始时not at all 一点也不about表示大约时间： I's about six o'clock now. 现在大约6点钟了。表示地点；在周围： Everthing about me is so beautiful 我周围的一切都那么美好。关于，对于： We are talking about the news. 我们正在谈论新闻。after在之后： After dinner I watch TV. 晚饭后我看电视。在后面： He came into the room after me. 他在我后面进了房间。behind在之后： There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车比晚，迟于： The train is behind time. 火车晚点了by在旁： He is sitting by the bed. 他正坐在床边。到时候： We have learned three English songs by now.到现在为止，我们已经学会了三首英文歌曲。以方式： I go to school by bus. 我乘公共汽车去上学。用于某些固定搭配： one by one 一个接一个 by the way 顺便说一句for为，给，替： I'll make a card for my teacher. 我要给老师做张卡片。由于： Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮我。表示给（某人）用的： There is letter for you. 这儿有你一封信。in在里面： The pencil is in the desk. 铅笔在课桌里。在一段时间里： We have four classes in the morning. 我们上午有四节课。用，以： What's this in English? 这用英语怎么说？在某一年份，季节，月份： in 2002, in spring, in January表示状态，服饰： Helen is in yellow. 海伦身穿黄色衣服。在方面： He is weak in English. 他的英语不行。用于某些固定搭配： in front of  在前面in the end  最后in time   及时like像样： He looks like his father. 他像他的父亲。这样，那样： Don't look at me like that. 别那样看着我。怎样： What's the weather like? 天气怎样。near靠近，在附近： My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。of的（表示所属关系）： This is a photo of my family. 这是一张我家的照片。的（用于所有格）： He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。表示数量（与连词连用）： One of us is from Beijing. 我们中有一个来自北京想到，谈到： I often think of them. 我常常想到他们。用于某些固定搭配： of course  当然because of  因为，由于on在上面： There are some apple on the tree. 树上有些苹果。在（星期）天，在某天的上午（下午，晚上）：They go to English class on Sunday. 星期天他们去上英语课。I left Beijing on the morning of May 1. 我在5月1日早上离开北京。用于某些固定搭配： on duty  值日  on time 准时over在正上方： There is a lamp over the table. 桌子上方有一盏灯。遍及，穿过： There is a bridge over the river. 有座桥横跨那条河。超过，不止： She is a little over 2. 她两岁多了。to到，往，向： He walks to the window. 他走向窗户。表示时间、数量，到为止 Please count from ten to thirty. 请从10数到30.向，对，给： Happy New Year to you all. 大家新年好。underWhat's under your desk? 你书桌底下是什么？with和，写： Could you go home with me? 你能和我一起回家吗？表示伴随状态，带有： Who's that girl with glasses? 那位戴眼睛的女孩是谁？巩固练习：一，填空：1I put my books _ _my bag.（放进书包里）2There are some apples _ _the table?（在苹果树上）3Look!who is the girl _ _the tree?（在树下）4There is a road _ _the bank and the school.（在的中间）5Our school is _ _the tall building.（在的前面）6The shop is _ _the market.（靠近）7The man_ blue is Jacks father.（穿着）8Look, Nancy is sitting_her father and mother.（旁边）9My little brother always has a lot_questions。（固定搭配：很多）*课后作业：（介词与代词专项训练）一选择( ) 1.Your book is not so old as _.A. him B. he C. his D. she( ) 2. _ book is it ? Its _.A. Whoseher B. Whose hers C. Whohers D.Whom her( ) 3. He is a friend of _.A. our B. us C. my D. mine二改错。1.This is mine lamp._2.These are oursbooks._3. That are their teacher._4.The house is my brother. _5. He has visited many country. _6. They are Chineses. _7. This is Tom red bike. _三用正确的介词填空。1.Were very happy_school.（在学校里）2. Keep_the grass,please.3. Jim is in Row 4.I sit_him（在的后面）4.Lets hurry, were late_the class.（固定搭配：迟到）5.Liu Tao is passing the ball_David.（传给）6. Whos the woman _the red scarf?（穿着）7.Our classroom is_the teachersoffice.（在的前面）