英语音标学习教案.doc

元音20个单元音12个前元音 ( 4 个 )i:ie后元音 ( 5 个 )a:u:u中元音 ( 3 个 ):双元音8个合口双元音( 5个 )eiaiiuau集中双元音( 3个 )iu辅音28个清辅音 ( 11 个 )ptkfsttrtsh浊辅音 ( 17 个 )bdvzddrdzlmnjwr1 元音/i:/ E i: green ri:n see si:/ i / It it big bi little litl/e/ bed bed headhed letter let/ apple pl map mp cat kt/a:/ park p:k start st:t far f:/:/ door d: horse h:s walk w:k/ hot ht watch wt body bdi/u:/ school sku:l blue blu: moon mu:n/u/ book buk good ud look luk/ / mother m up p luck lk/:/ bird b:d word w:d her h:/ about baut later leit mother m/ei/ A ei day dei late leit/ai/ hi hai night nait like laik/i/ boy bi soil sil enjoy indi/u/ old uld most must hope hup /au/ out aut loud laud how hau/i/ here hi near ni idea aidi/u/ sure u poor pu tour tu/ air hair h wear w2. 辅音(1).清辅音/p/ picture pikt please pli:z people pi:pl/t/ take teik today tdei to tu:/k/ cake keik kite kait come km/f/ fine fain fun fn from frm/s/ six siks kiss kis say sei/ thank k thing i think ik / sure u shop p ship ip /t/ chicken tikn child taild chip tip/tr/ tree tri: train trein trade treid/ts/ cats kts gets ets lots lts/h/ hat ht have hv hello helu(2).浊辅音/b/ boat but big bi boy bi/d/ dog d day dei daddy ddi:/ go u good ud glass l:s/v/ very veri video vidiu vase ves /z/ zoo zu: zero ziru clothes kluz/ them em they ei father f:/ television teli,vin pleasure ple measure me /d/ job db jeep di:p change teind/dr/ dress dres dream dri:m drop drp/dz/ reads ri:dz cards k:dz birds b:dz/l/ life laif little litl leave li:v /m/ my mai many meni may mei/n/ no nu not nt know nu/ bring bri think ik going g/j/ yes jes yellow jelu yesterday jestdi/ w/ window windu what wt will wil/r/ red red read ri:d remember rimemb英语国际音标表（48个）元音（20个）长元音/:/:/:/i:/U:/短元音/e/e/a/ 双元音/e/a/辅音（28个）轻辅音/p/t/k/f/s/浊辅音/b/d/g/v/z/轻辅音/h/ts/t/tr/浊辅音/r/dz/d/dr/鼻音/m/n/ 半元音/j/ w/边音/英语音标及字母组合对照1.元音:1) i: 字母组合:ee ea e ie ei （eo ey i）three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean pleasehe she me piece receive ceiling 2) I 发音字母 i y e ui u asit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build missmyth many twenty happy dictionarydefect decide delicious 3) 发音字母 abag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 4) e 字母组合 ea e a （ue,u,ie,ai,ei,ay）head bread pleasureelephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yesmany any 5) : 字母组合ir ur ear er orgirl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burgerlearn earn earth heardterm her nerd servework worm work world 6) 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e uteacher leader remember player speaker farmer powderdoctor actor mayor author tractordelicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan chinamen listen famulus Saturday 7) a: 字母组合 ar acar farm card arm gardenfast class last glass plant aunt calm 8) 发音字母 u o ou oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup buscome mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourishblood flood9) : 字母组合 al or au our arsmall wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumnfour mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter 10) ()发音字母 o a ouhot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar notwant wash watch 11) u: 字母组合 oo o ufood moon room gloom broom doom goose toothshoe do twotrue truth blue full prude12) u 字母组合 oo ou u olook good foot book wood should could put full bull pull pushwoman wolf 13) ei 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plainthey grey 14) ai 发音字母 i y bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye15) au 字母组合 ou ow house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouseflower down now cow how town16) u 发音字母 o ow oa home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flowboat coat goal17) 字母组合oy oiboy toy joy oil soil voice choice 18) i 字母组合 eer ear beer deer ear near here fierce idea19) (e)字母组合ear air erepear bear chair air fair there where care20) u au 字母组合our ower hour tour flower shower语音知识: 1) 字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u 2) 音素：音的最小的单位。把音素记录下来的符号叫做音标。每个音标代表一个音素。为了不和字母相混，音标须写在方括号内。英语中有48音素。即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素. 3) 元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。 4) 辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。 5) 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple，student，teacher，understand。 6) 开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike home due; b) 辅音+元音 he，go，hi。 7) 闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad，bed，sit，hot，cup; b)元音+辅音it。 8) 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 读音规则 1) 重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)。 2) 非重读音节 banana，student，today，after，i orange，secret，evening，very，Monday。 特殊读音 1）音的连读：前面的词以元辅音结尾，后面的单词以元音开头，这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。not at all，half an hour，I love you and all、after all。 2）失去爆破：辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的辅音要失去爆破。good girl，good student，good job，expression，school，extreme。 3）音的同化：两个特殊的音碰到一起，会发出变异成特殊的音。Would you do it? I am glad to meet you、Cant you see it? last year，this year。 重音 A)双音节词 a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter，sorry。 b)有 a-，be-，de-，re-，res-，in-，im-，en-，em-，es-，ex-，con-，com-，dis-，mis-，pre-，per-，pro-，trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。about，believe，address，decide，report，condemn，respect，compare，inform，discuss，impress，mistake，enforce，c)有 de-，in-，re-，con-，pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关，一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。record，record; insult，insult; conduct，conduct; present present; content，content。 d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-，ex-，un-，pre-，post-，等的词，有两个重音。outside，retell，well-known，unreal，fifteen，Chinese，pre-war，post-war。 B)多音节词 a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。difficult，communist，family，economy，opportunity，democracy。 b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音carefully，indefinite，comfortable，conductor，according，disturbance，complicated，establishment。 c)词尾有-eous，-grahpy，-ial，-ian，-ic，-ics，-ience，ient，-ify，-ion，-ious，-ity，ive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。courteous，calligraphy，editorial，historian，periodic，mathematics，experience，sufficient，identify，translation，religious，curiosity，protective。 d)词尾有 -ain，-ee，-eer，-ese，-ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。entertain，employee，mountaineer，Japanese，cigarette。 9