新视野大学英语第二册读写教程unit6.ppt

Unit 6: Section A As His Name Is, So Is He!,Intensive Study,As His Name Is, So Is He! 1 For her first twenty-four years, shed been known as Debbie a name that didnt suit her good looks and elegant manner. “My name has always made me think I should be a cook,” she complained. “I just dont feel like a Debbie.” 2 One day, while filling out an application form for a publishing job, the young woman impulsively substituted her middle name, Lynne, for her first name Debbie. “That was the smartest thing I ever did,” she says now. “As soon as I stopped calling myself Debbie, I felt more comfortable with myself and other people started to take me more seriously.” Two years after her successful job interview, the former waitress is now a successful magazine editor. Friends and associates call her Lynne.,Intensive Study,3 Naturally, the name change didnt cause Debbie/Lynnes professional achievement but it surely helped if only by adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents. Social scientists say that what youre called can affect your life. Throughout history, names have not merely identified people but also described them. “ As his name is, so is he” says the Bible, and Websters Dictionary includes the following definition of name: “a word or words expressing some quality considered characteristic or descriptive of a person or a thing, often expressing approval or disapproval”. Note well “approval or disapproval”. For better or worse, qualities such as friendliness or reserve, plainness or charm may be suggested by your name and conveyed to other people before they even meet you.,Intensive Study,4 Names become attached to specific images, as anyone whos been called “a plain Jane” or “just an average Joe” can show. The latter name particularly bothers me since my name is Joe, which some think makes me more qualified to be a baseball player than, say an art critic. Yet, despite this disadvantage, I did manage to become an art critic for a time. Even so, one prominent magazine consistently refused to print “Joe” in my by-line, using my first initials, J.S., instead. I suspect that if I were a more refined Arthur or Adrian, the name would have appeared complete.,Intensive Study,5 Of course, names with a positive sense can work for you, even encourage new acquaintances. A recent survey showed that American men thought Susan to be the most attractive female name, while women believed Richard and David were the most attractive for men. One woman I know turned down a blind date with a man named Harry because “he sounded dull”. Several evenings later, she came up to me at a party, pressing for an introduction to a very impressive man; theyd been exchanging glances all evening. “Oh,” I said. “You mean Harry.” She was ill at ease.,Intensive Study,6 Though most of us would like to think ourselves free from such prejudiced notions, were all guilty of name stereotyping to some extent. Confess: wouldnt you be surprised to meet a carpenter named Nigel? A physicist called Bertha? A Pope Mel? Often, we project name-based stereotypes on people, as one woman friend discovered while taking charge of a nursery-schools group of four-year-olds. “There I was, trying to get a little active boy named Julian to sit quietly and read a book and pushing a thoughtful creature named Rory to play ball. I had their personalities confused because of their names!”,Intensive Study,7 Apparently, such prejudices can affect classroom achievement as well. In a study conducted by Herbert Harari of San Diego State University, and John McDavid of Georgia State University, teachers gave consistently lower grades on essays apparently written by boys named Elmer and Hubert than they awarded to the same papers when the writers names were given as Michael and David. However, teacher prejudice isnt the only source of classroom difference. Dr. Thomas V. Busse and Louisa Seraydarian of Temple University found those girls with names such as Linda, Diane, Barbara, Carol, and Cindy performed better on objectively graded IQ and achievement tests than did girls with less appealing names. (A companion study showed girls popularity with their peers was also related to the popularity of their names although the connection was less clear for boys.),Intensive Study,8 Though your parents probably meant your name to last a lifetime, remember that when they picked it theyd hardly met you, and the hopes and dreams they valued when they chose it may not match yours. If your name no longer seems to fit you, dont despair; you arent stuck with the label. Movie stars regularly change their names, and with some determination, you can, too.,Debbie Female name, represents the personality characteristics of generous, understanding, honest, creative and intense. It is a short name of Deborah, which means bee in Hebrew. Deborah was a heroine and prophetess who led the Israelites to defeat Canaanites as told in the Old Testament Book of Judges. Also in the Old Testament, this was the name of the nurse of Rebecca. Long a common Jewish name, Deborah was first used by English Christians after the Protestant Reformation, and it was popular among the Puritans. For more information about explanations of names, visit , or ,substitute vt. put sth or sb in place of another They were substituting violence for dialogue. David was substituted for William in the second half of the match. 2. vi. Act or serve as a replacement Can you substitute for me at the meeting? Honey can substitute for sugar in this recipe. 3. n. a person or thing that replaces or serve as sth else The teacher is ill, so a substitute is teaching today. There is no substitute for good food and exercise.,Lynne(f.) or Lynn(m.) represents the personality characteristics of sensitive, deeply artistic and creative, intense, and nature-lover and comes from Welsh meaning “lake” or is a short form of Linda (Spanish), or Belinda (Italian), both meaning “beautiful”.,Middle name name coming between the first name and the last name “Whats James Browns middle name?”“Its Michael” “Middle name” can also be used figuratively, meaning a main part of ones character. Generosity is her middle name.,if conj. accepting that; although This is a pleasant if noisy child. It is a nice house, if a little expensive.,characteristic a. representative; representing usual character Rainy days are characteristic of June. Such honesty is characteristic of him. 2. n. a special and easily recognized quality of sb or sth Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing. What characteristics separate Americans from Canadians.,For better or (for) worse (as said on the Christian marriage ceremony) whatever happens. Here in the text, it means whether they are good or bad. He promised to take her for better or for worse. I, _, take you, _, to be my (husband/wife). I promise to be true to you in good times and in bad, in sickness and in health. I will love you and honor you all the days of my life. I, _, take you, _, for my lawful (husband/wife), to have and to hold, from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, until death do us part. The priest will then say aloud You have declared your consent before the Church. May the Lord in his goodness strengthen your consent and fill you both with his blessings. That God has joined, men must not divide. Amen.,Joe (m.) represents the personality characteristics of spontaneous, social, easy-going, warm, generous, lacking in initiative and is a short form for Joseph, originally from a Hebrew name of a famous man in the Old Testament.,qualify (cause to) gain a certain level of knowledge, ability, or performance Being a son of a member of government doesnt qualify him to talk about political affairs. I wont qualify until next year. Being a single parent qualifies you for extra benefits. qualified having suitable knowledge, quality or skills for Tom is qualified for the job.,prominent Important; widely known They are all prominent figures in the IT field. The government should play a more prominent role in improving public traffic. 2. Standing or extending for out (beyond a surface) His nose is too prominent. She has prominent teeth.,prominence The quality, fact, or state of being well-known and important. This young artist is coming into prominence. 2. A thing or place that is standing far out (beyond a surface) There was a low prominence in the middle of the desert, too small to be called a hill.,Arthur The meaning of this name is unknown. It could be derived from British art bear combined with viros man, or it could be related to Irish art stone. Alternatively it could be related to an obscure Roman family name Artorius. Arthur is the name of the central character in Arthurian legend, a 6th-century king of the Britons who presided over the knights of the Round Table. He may or may not have been an actual person. Other famous bearers of the name include mystery author Arthur Conan Doyle, the creator of Sherlock Holmes, and science-fiction author Arthur C. Clarke.,Adrian (m.) represents the personality characteristics of diplomatic, friendly, lacking in energy, confidence and initiative, and a procrastinator. This name is the English from of Hadrian, the name of a Roman Emperor who built a wall across Northern Britain.,acquaintance A person whom one knows, esp. through work or business, but who may not be a close friend No one in her entire acquaintance would wear such a dress. 2. Information or knowledge, as obtained through personal experience rather than careful study I have an /some acquaintance with the language. I wasnt sure about Darryl when I first met her, but on further acquaintance I rather like her. 3. Make ones acquaintance/make the acquaintance of sb get to know sb. Im so glad to make your acquaintance, Mr. Smith.,Susan (f.) represents the personality characteristics of pleasant, easy-going, friendly, patient, social, cautious and is a short form of Susanna. It is from the Hebrew Shoshanna, name for a woman in the Old Testament.,Richard (m.) means brave power, derived from the Germanic elements ric power, rule and hard brave, hardy. The Normans introduced this name to Britain. It was borne by three kings of England including Richard the Lionheart, leader of the Third Crusade in the 12th century. Two German opera composers, Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss, have also had this name.,DAVID (m.)possibly derived from Hebrew (dvd) meaning beloved. David was the second and greatest of the kings of Israel, ruling in the 10th century BC. Several stories about him are told in the Old Testament, including his defeat of Goliath, a giant Philistine. Jesus was supposedly descended from him. Famous bearers of this name include the 5th-century patron saint of Wales, two kings of Scotland, empiricist philosopher David Hume, and explorer David Livingstone. This is also the name of the hero of Charles Dickens semiautobiographical novel David Copperfield.,Harry (m.) represents the personality characteristics of individual, reserved, serious, stubborn, alone, loyal, and thoughtful. It is the Medieval English form of Henry, the name of eight kings of England.,Press for demand with force I dont know whether to accept this new job, and the firm is pressing (me) for a decision. The chairman is pressing for improved working condition.,ill at ease uncomfortable; anxious or worried He appeared ill at ease at the party. She was ill at ease when she was criticized by her mother.,stereotype v. form a fixed set of ideas that is generally disapproving about the the characteristics of certain people or things The study says that British advertisements stereotype women. The police have been criticized for having stereotyped images of black people. 2. n. an image, idea, character, etc.that has become fixed in a routine form The characters in the books are just stereotypes. She rejects the stereotype that women can only find their true satisfaction in being mother.,Nigel (m.) represents the personality characteristics of imaginative, creative, inconsistent, insecure, gullible, talkative and is an Italian form of Neil, or a French name meaning “hero”. It is sometimes associated with the Latin niger, meaning “black”. The name Nigel often donates a champion or an artist, so people will be surprised to meet a carpenter with the name Nigel.,Bertha (f.) represents the personality characteristics of idealistic, generous, kind, caring, possessive and comes from German, meaning “bright, famous.” Bertha is well known in German legends as a character who sneaks into nurseries and rocks children to sleep. Bertha usually makes people think of somebody who is fat, while a physicist should know how to eat healthily and keep a good figure.,Pope Mel is a humorous reference, meant to show how foolish it would be to put the two names together. “Pope” is a title given to the highest authority of the Roman Catholic Church in Rome; “Mel” is possibly a short from of either Melvin, or Melanie (f), or Melissa (f), which has no meaning in itself. The name Mel usually donates an image of a car repairman. If a Mel drinks, he drinks beer instead of wine. That is why people will be surprised to meet a Pope with the name Mel.,project on/onto/upon imagine (ones own feelings or thoughts) as being attached/connected to others It is not reasonable that they project their dreams onto us.,Julian (m.) represents the personality characteristics of patient, careful, cautious, conservative, intense and comes from Julius, the name of the last Romam emperor.,Rory (m.) repesents the personality characteristics of practical, logical, analytical, systematic, particular, and serious and comes from Old English, meaning “noble, famous”.,Herbert Harari is a retired professor of psychology at San Diego State University. He and John McDavid worked as coauthor of a paper on student bahavior stereotypig. He is also a self-educated computer guru on MIDI music. Tune in to his personal web site: and listen to his music online.,Elmer (m.) represents the personality characteristics of practical, logical, analytical, systematic, particular, and serious and comes from the Irish Ruaidhri, meaning “red king”. It is the name of the last high king of Ireland who regned in the 12th Century. Hubert (m.) represents the personality charateristics of pleasant, diplomatic, sensitive, passive, and procrastinator and comes from German, meaning “bright heart”. The Saint Hubert sho lived in the 8th century is the patron saint of hunters.,award give sth such as a prize or an examination mark, esp. as a result of an official decision The university awarded grants to poor students. She was awarded a medal fro bravery. 2. Give by a decision in court The judge awarded a large sum of money to those hurt in the explosion. The court awarded him damages of $5,000.,Michael (m.) represents the person