小学英语名词讲解与练习.doc

名词名词可以分为可数名词与不可数名词，其中可数名词具有单、复数的形式；而不可数名词没有复数形式。可数名词：规则变化： 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books，bag-bags，cat-cats，bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses，box-boxes，watch-watches，brush-brushes，glass-glasses，dress-dresses3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families（家庭），butterfly-butterflies（蝴蝶），lady-ladies，strawberry-strawberries（草莓）注意：“元音字母+y”结尾的，直接加-s，如：day-days，boy-boys4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives，leaf-leaves（落叶），wolf-wolves（狼），shelf-shelves（架子），half-halves（一半），thief-thieves（小偷） 注意：特殊情况直接加s：gulf-gulfs（海湾），roof-roofs（屋顶），belief-beliefs（信仰），proof-proofs（证据）此处知道即可，暂时不用记不规则变化：1 man-men，woman-women， policeman（男警察）-policemen， policewoman（女警察）-policewomen， mouse-mice，child（孩子）-children，foot-feet，tooth-teeth（牙齿），ox-oxen（公牛）2 fish-fish（鱼）, sheep（羊）-sheep，deer-deer，Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese， people-people（人，人们）注意：fish：当一条鱼讲时，单复数同形，如three fish.当各种各样的鱼讲时，即强调鱼的种类时，要加es. ,如：all kinds of fishes .各种各样的鱼当鱼肉讲时，不可数。people：当people后加上s时即peoples表示“民族”例如：There are 56 peoples in China. 中国有56个民族。实记： tomato-tomatoes（西红柿），potato-potatoes（土豆），hero-heroes（英雄）negro-negroes（黑人），volcano-volcanoes（火山） zoo-zoos，photo-photos不可数名词water(水) 、milk(牛奶)、 tea(茶) 、rice(米饭)、juice（果汁）、bread（面包），soup（汤），hair，meat，news（消息），work（工作），paper（纸），weather（天气），luck（运气），grass（草）中日不变，英法变，其余s加后面 German-Germans(德国人)1be 动词遇到名词时的运用: 单数名词用is, 复数名词用are.2可数名词可以和冠词a/an连用，不可数名词前不可以用冠词a/an. a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物中的"一个"，相当于汉语的"一"，但不强调数目观念。a用在辅音（音素）之前，an用在元音（音素）之前。如：a notebook一个笔记本，a book一本书，an old man一位老人，an English class一堂英语课。字母u读作ju:时，由于第一个音j是辅音，故前面用a，不用an。如：a useful book一本有用的书，a university一所大学。字母h如不发音，第一个音又是元音，前面用an而不用a，如an hour一小时，an honest person一个诚实的人。3 many+可数名词、much +不可数名词 （表示数量很多）few+可数名词、little+不可数名词 （表示数量极少）没几个a few+可数名词、a little+不可数名词（表示数量极少）有几个some, any , a lot of、lots of既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词4、对可数名词的数量提问用how many 对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much How many books do you have？How much milk does he drink in the morning？5、可数名词的数量可以直接用数词来修饰 如：two students（两个学生）也可用many、a few 、some、any、a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等修饰。不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法： 1）用much ,a little ,some，any，a lot ofa lot of ,lots of ,most of等表示多少。 如There is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。 Ill tell you much good news.我要告诉你许多好消息。 2） 用单位词表示。 （用a . of 表示。） 如a cup of （一杯.），a bottle of （一瓶.） a piece of （一张.），a pair of shoes（一双鞋） two cups of tea（两杯茶）,five pieces of paper（五张纸） 名词的所有格 有些名词的可以加s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词的形式称为该名词的所有格。 如Marys father(玛丽的父亲) 、Jims mother(吉姆的母亲) 。与所有格相对来看，不带这种词尾的形式就称为普通格。 1)单数名词词尾加s，复数名词词尾如没有s，也要加s。 如Toms knife(汤姆的小刀) childrens books(儿童书籍) 2)表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人名字后加s，如果表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后加s。 如Jim and Mikes room吉姆和麦克(共用)的房间 Jims and Mikes rooms吉姆和麦克(各自)的房间 3)若名词已有复数词尾-s，只加""即可。 如the students reading-room(学生阅览室) Everyone needs to have at least eight hours sleep a night. 每个人每晚需要至少8小时的睡眠。 表示时间和地点的名词where is todays newspaper? 今天的报纸在哪儿？ an hours walk isnt far. 一小时的路程不远。练习题一、写出下列名词的复数，无复数用/表示。 I _this _that_watch _ diary_day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _thief _ peach_ sandwich _man_ paper_ juice_water_milk_rice_tea_二、填入适当的词。1. I have two_ (knife)2. There are many _ here. (box)3. There are many _ on the road. (bus)4. A few _ are drawing on the wall. (boy)5. The _ are playing football now. (child)三、选择a或an或不填（用/表示）pen bagapple big applebanana wateroranges pen四、选择填空1、Best wishes to you for_ Day! A、Teachers B、Teachers C、Teacher2、Many children like to go to the_Palace on Sunday. A、Children B、Childrens C、Childrens3、This is_ room. Its very big. A、Lily and Lucys B、Lilys and Lucys C、Lilys and Lucy4、We visited_house yesterday. A、Tom B、Toms C、Toms5. The hospital is a bit far from here. Its about _ . A. forty minutess walk B. forty minutes walk C. forty minutes walk D. forty minutes walk<一>、写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife 21、sheep <二>、选择填空1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos2. How many _ do you see in the picture?A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato3. _ and _ are not friends.A. Foxswolfs B. Foxeswolfs C. Foxeswolves4. Thats art book. A. an B. a C. the D are5. The boys get .A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread6. The old man wants .A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples7. There some in the river.A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish8. There two in the box.A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches9. We should clean twice a day.A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth10. They come from different _A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys11. They are_. A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher12. Would you like _ ,please?A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters13. These are the _ of our national _.A. photos heroes B. photoes heroes C. photos heros 14. There are some _ in these _. A.knifespencil-boxes B.knivespencils-box C.knivespencil-box D.knivespencils-boxes15. There is no _ in the plate.A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs16. _ are good for our health.A. Tomatos B. Tomatoes C. Tomato17. I like to eat cake with _.A. cherries B. cherry（樱桃） C.cherrys18. The _ are running on the _.A. deer grasses B. deers grass C. deer grass19. I was so hungry and I eat two _.A. bowls of noodle B. bowls of noodles C. bowl of noodles 20. How many _ are there in your class ? A. Japanese B. American C. Australian D. Canadian21. Most of _ live in _.A. Germans, German B. German, Germen C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany<三>、将以下单复数句进行转换1 This is a knife._2 That is a tomato._3 That child is very good._4 These are mice._5 Those are children._<四>、选择正确的词形1 How many (radioes, radios) can you see?2 There are 36 (boys, boies) in my class.3 Look at those (sheeps, sheep).4 I dont want (a, an) old cup.5 Give me that (box, boxes), please.1）写出下列名词的复数形式。 1bag _ 2orange _ 3family _ 4wish _ 5shelf _ 6knife _ 7key _ 8baby _ 9tooth _ 10foot _ 11woman _ 12sheep _ 13Japanese _ 14potato _ 15radio _ 16child _ 17fish _ 18photo _ 19Frenchman _ 20man doctor _ 21.watch _ 22. bus _ 23. sheep _ 24. foot _ 25.birthday _ 26.housewife _27.walkman _28.mouse _ 29.beach_2）请用括号中名词的复数形式填空1 Look at those _. (child) 2 I can see a _ standing near the door. (policeman)3 Do you want some _ for dinner? (potato)4 In autumn, you can see a lot of _ on the ground.(leaf)5 He has two _.One is blue , the other is yellow.( box)6 Two _ live in this building .( family )3）选词填空1、I want three_white paper. A、pieces B、piece of C、pieces of2、Do you want to drink much_ ? A、a milk B、milk C、milks3、Do you want some_for supper? A、a potato B、potatoes C、potatos4、In autumn，you can see a lot of_on the ground. A、leaf B、leafs C、leaves5、My sister has two_ . One is old，the other is new. A、a watch B、watchs C、watches6. There are some _ on the hill.A. sheeps B. a sheep C. sheep D. sheepes7. There are some new books in the school library. They are _ books.A. child B. childrens C. children D. childrens8. The hospital is a bit far from here. Its about _ . A. forty minutess walk B. forty minutes walk C. forty minutes walk D. forty minutes walk9. I found my black cat in_ room.A. Jim and Mike B. Jim and Mikes C. Jims and Mikes D. Jims and Mike10. How much are the _ ? A. bread B. meats. C. potatos D. tomatoes11. There are many _ in our school.A. woman teachers B. womans teachers C. women teachers D. womens teachers12. Three months _ a long time for me.A. is B. are C. have D. has13. There are _ and _ on the table. A. two boxes cake; four bottle of oranges B. two boxes cake; four bottle of orange C. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orange D. two box of cakes; four bottles of oranges 14、They come from Japan.Theyre _ .A、Japanese B、Japaneses C、a Japanese15、There are _ on the plate.A、two meat B、two meats C、two pieces of meat16、Some _ are coming to help us.A、peoples B、people C、the people （注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）