必修三第五单元语法：同位语从句PPT课件.ppt

1,Grammar,2,语法精解(一),1. 同位语the Appositive 同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。,3,同位语的表现形式有以下几种： (1) 名词：Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. (2) 代词： I myself will do the experiment. (3) 数词：She is the oldest among them six. (4) 从句：He told me the news that the plane had exploded. (5) 由such as, that is引导 Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn. 某些学科,例如数学和物理,是很难学的。,4,2. 同位语从句the Appositive clause (1) 同位语从句的定义 在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。,语法精解(二),5,它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth , hope , problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question 等名词的后面, 对前面的名词作进一步的解释, 说明前面名词的具体含义。 引导同位语从句的词有 1.从属连词 that ，whether that只起引导作用，不充当成分，不省略。 I have no idea that you were here. The news that we won the game is exciting. whether “是否” The question whether hell attend the meeting is important.,6,2. 连接代词 who ，what等 I have no idea who he is. Long long ago, people had no idea what the inside of the earth might look like. 3.连接副词 how when why等 He cant answer the question how he got the money. I have no idea when he will be back. I have no idea why she left.,7,注意,1. 表示“是否”的概念时，要用whether 而不是if引导同位语从句。 The question whether hell attend the meeting is important. 2. 作主语的同位语从句，有时会被谓语动词将其与名词分开，这叫做间隔式同位语从句。 Word came that I was wanted at home. 家里传来消息要我回去。 The story goes that he often beats his wife. 传说他经常打老婆。,8,3. 若名词是advice ,suggestion, proposal建议； demand，request 要求；order ；recommendation 劝告等，后面的同位语从句 （should）+do The order soon came that all the people (should) obey the rule. 4.有时可用 namely (即), that is to say (也就是说), in other words (换句话说), that is (那就是), for example 等引出同位语, 说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面 eg.There is only one way of improving your English , that is , to practice more.,9,1.The news that our team has won the game was true. 2.The news （that） he told meyesterday was true. 同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们: 同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词; 定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。,同位语从句与定语从句区别,10,We express the hope that they will come to visit China again.(同位语从句) Those who want to go please sign their names here. (定语从句) 同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系； 定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语 宾语、表语、定语、状语等。,11,The news that they won the match is true. (同位语从句, news和从句没有逻辑关系) The news that you told us yesterday is true. (定语从句, news是told的逻辑宾语) The order when we should go back hasnt reached us.(同位语从句, order和从句没有逻辑关系) The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten. (定语从句, day是founded 的逻辑状语),12, 同位语从句主要由连接词that引导,有时也可用when, where, who, whether等引导; 定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。 Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed. Do you know the place where he was born?,13, 引导同位语从句的连词不可省略; 引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。 The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true. The news (that) he told me is exciting. 同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子, 谓语动词用be的不同形式。 He heard the news that their team had won. 此句可以变为一个表语从句: The news was that their team had won.,14,名词性从句的注意几点 1.that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用 2. what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。 whether与if的辨用 1.在由形式主语it引导的主语从句及在vt后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”，whether/if 都可以用； 2.在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在介词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”， 只能用whether； 3.在whether or not 和whether to do 中whether 不能换成if,15,whether与if的辨用,1.Whether it is true remains a problem. 2.It remains a problem whether/if it is true. 3. He asked whether/if Mary would attend the ceremony. 4.It depends on whether we have got enough money.,16,5.The question is whether you should accept it. 6.The question whether hell attend the meeting is important. 7.I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. 8.I dont know whether it is right or not.,17,1.填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句还是同位语从句： 1) The fact_ he used to be a thief is known to all. 2) We were surprised by the fact _ she told us. 3) The next thing _ must be done is to make a plan.,that,同,that/which,定,that,定,测试性评价,18,4) Word came _ our army had won the battle. 5) The president has given an order everyone in the country should prepare for a war_ might last for several years. 6) Weve just heard a warning on the radio _ a hurricane is likely to come.,that,同,that,同,that,同,19,7) There is no doubt _ he has told a lie. 8) You have no idea _ anxious I was! 9) The coat is in the place _ you left it. 10) Then arose the question about _ we were to get the machines needed.,where,定,where,定,that,同,how,同,20,同位语从句练习,（09浙江）1.Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport? No problem. A.WhenB. that C. whetherD. what,21,2.Weshouldconsiderthestudents request _ the school library provide more books on popular science. A. that B. when C. which D. where,22,3. His success was because of _ he had been working hard. A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact,23,4. I have no idea _ or not he has finished the work. A. if B. that C. whether D. which,24,5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that,25,6. The problem will appear _a different welfare system will be created. A unless B whether C until D if,26,7. There is no obvious evidence _there is life on any other planet in the solar system. A which B that C how D where,27,8. Information has been put forward _more middle schools graduates will be admitted into universities. A what B that C which D as,28,9. News came from the school office_ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing Universities. A which B what C that D where,29,10. Modern science has given clear evidence_ smoking can lead to many diseases. A what B which C that D where,30,1. We dont think you two have met before. 我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。 (宾语从句),翻译句子,并说明这个名词性从句的作用。,31,2. It is certain that John will do well in his exam. 约翰肯定会考好。 (主语从句) 3. Whether they are coming or not dont matter too much. 他们来不来无关紧要。 (主语从句),32,4. Now is when we need him most. 现在是我们最需要他的时候。 (表语从句) 5. I have no idea how she got through the forest. 我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。 (同位语从句),33,6. The fact that they won the prize made us happy. 他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。 (同位语从句),34,用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。 7. I cant decide _ book I should buy. 8. China is no longer _ it used to be. 9. I am very interested in _ he improved his English in such a short time. 10. _ we need is more money.,which,what,how,What,35,11. The truth _ the earth turns around the sun is known to us. 12. _ and _ we will meet has not been decided yet.,that,When,where,36,用名词性从句完成下列句子。 13. The news _ _ (她通过了高考) is exciting. 14. Mike made a promise _ _ (他将帮助我学习英语),that she has passed the national college entrance examination,that he would help me with my English.,37,25. One of them held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that what C. that D. whether,单项选择,38,26. The reason _ he has to go is _ his mother is ill in bed. A, why ; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that ; because 27. They received orders _ the work be done right away. A. which B. that C. / D. when,39,28. I have no idea _. A. how to do B. when shall we start out for the trip C. what has happened to my wife D. how much have they earned,40,29. I think _ certain that she will do well in her exam. A. that B. this is C. it D. whats 30. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D .where,41,31. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he was likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. what D. why 32. Thats the only thing _ he can do now A. which B. all C. that D. what,42,33. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 34. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether,43,35. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _. A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving,44,36. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. ( 2004春季上海 ) A. which B. that C. what D. whether,答案B。这是一个同位语从句, 解释promise的具体内容, 要用that引导。,高考题,45,37. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found. (05广东卷) A. which B. that C. what D. whether,38. Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. （05浙江卷） Awho Bthat Cas Dwhich,46,39. Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. (06年上海 春招） A. which B. that C. when D. why,40. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom? （05辽宁卷） Athat Bwhat Cas Dwhich,47,41. Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever. ( 2002年上海) A. that B. which C. of which D. what,解析: 答案A。同位语从句that well never know what a UFO is not ever作a feeling的同位语，解释a feeling 的具体内容。that连接同位语从句时，只起连接作用，不作从句的任何成分。,48,42. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.( 2001年上海) A. while B. that C. when D. as,解析：答案B。That引导从句作information的同位语，解释information的具体内容。,49,43. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. when B. where C. what D. that 44. _ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match. (2001上海春） A. Therethat B. Itthat C. Therewhether D. Itwhether,