《名词性从句》PPT课件.ppt

Grammar,Noun Clauses 名词性从句,By Aki Huang,1.概念 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等, 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词性从句,Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,如何判断从句类型,主语从句在复合句中作主语, 它可以位于句首, 但常见的主语从句多放在句末,句首则用形式主语it。,用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is名词从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that是常识 (2) It is形容词从句 (多用 should) It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是,(3) It 不及物动词从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎 (4) It is 过去分词从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说,It is certain that he will come. It is said that some American friends will visit our school next week. It happened that we were out for a walk yesterday evening. It doesnt matter whether I stay or not.,宾语从句 1）经常出现在及物动词，介词和某些形容词的后面。,that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语： anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。,I am not sure what I ought to do. Im afraid you dont understand what I said. Im surprised that I didnt see all that before. Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.,2） 在接复合宾语的句子中, 为了保持句子平衡, 用it 作形式宾语,将从句放于句尾, 常接复合宾语的动词有: make, find, see, hear, feel, think. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day. I feel it possible that you will finish the work in a day.,表语从句出现在系动词的后面。 be, look, remain, seem。一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。,The problem is who we can get to replace her.,同位语从句出现在抽象名词，如fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等 之后。,The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.,同位语从句与定语从句的区别,(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。,(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：,1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语） 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）,that，whether,what，who，whom，which，whose，whatever,when, where, how, why, whenever,that, if, whether,what, who, whom, whose, which, whoever,when, where, how, why, wherever,when, where, how, why, however,when, where, how, why, however,that，whether,that, as if,because, whether,what, who, whom, whose, which, whichever,what, who, whom, whose, which, whichever,that的用法,在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何具体意思。 引导的句子相当于一个陈述句。 只起到连接的作用。,That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round . He said (that) he would like to see the headmaster. He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning. Where did you get the idea that I could not come.,whether & if,翻译成“是否”,具有一定的意义,所以不能省略. 引导的句子相当于一个一般疑问句。,注意: 关联词只能用whether不能用if 表示 “是否”的情况如下： A) 在表语从句和同位语从句中。如： The question is whether the film is worth seeing. The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.,B) 在主语从句中，只有用it 作形式主语时, whether和if 都能引导主语从句, 否则, 也只能用whether。如: Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. It hasnt been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.,C) 在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略) 如: It all depends (on) whether they will support us. D) 后面直接跟动词不定式时。如： He doesnt know whether to stay or not. E) 后面紧接or not 时。如： We didnt know whether or not she was ready., 关联词只能用 whether或if, 不能用that的情况如下： 若doubt一词作“怀疑”解接宾语从句时，主句为肯定句用whether或if，主句为否定句或疑问句用that。如： I doubt whether he will come soon.,I do not doubt that he will come soon. Do you doubt that he will come soon 注意: 下面这个例句中doubt的含义为“认 为未必可能”。 I doubt that he will come.,because “因为”。 Eg. I think it is because you are doing too much. as if “仿佛，好像” Eg. It looked as if it was going to rain. It looks as if you are right.,虚拟语气,What & whatever的用法,what在从句中表示“什么”；whatever表示“无论什么”。两者指物。 在句子中可以充当主语，表语和宾语。 引导的句子相当于一个特殊疑问句，但是语序是陈述句的语序。,1.Tom is no longer what he used to be. 3. Whatever we do must be in the interests of the people.,2. What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.,Who，whom，whoever & whomever,Who和whom表示“谁”；whoever和whomever表示“无论谁”。指人。 Who和whoever在句子中可以充当主语，表语和宾语的成分。Whom和whomever在句子中充当宾语和表语的成分。 P.S. 介词后面只能用whom和whomever。,1.Whoever leaves the room last should close the door. 2.Please tell me who/whom we have to see. 3.Do you know to whom Jack was speaking? 4. They should enjoy complete freedom to marry whomever they might choose.,Which & whichever,Which表示“哪一个”；whichever表示“无论哪一个”。 一般在句子中充当定语成分。 eg. Ill ask him which one he likes Whichever you like will be given to you. All the books are here. You may borrow whichever (book) you like.,whose,Whose表示“谁的”。 在句子中充当定语的成分，其后一定会加名词。 eg. The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.,When & whenever,When表示“什么时候”；whenever表示“无论什么时候”。指时间。 在句子当中充当时间状语的成分。 eg. I have no idea when he will return. When well start is not clear. = It is not clear when well start. Whenever you comes will be welcome.,Where & wherever,Where表示“哪里”；whenever表示“无论哪里”。 在句子当中充当地点状语的成分。 Wherever you are is my home - my only home. Where she has gone is a mystery.,How & however,How表示“怎么样”；however表示“无论怎么样”。 在句子当中充当方式状语。 How this happened is not clear. My father always thinks of how he can do more for the people. Take however much you want and whatever you want.,why,Why表示“为什么”。 在句子中充当原因状语。,Ill tell you why I asked you to come. Why he went there is not known.,that，whether,what，who，whom，which，whose，whatever,when, where, how, why, whenever,that, if, whether,what, who, whom, whose, which, whoever,when, where, how, why, wherever,when, where, how, why, however,when, where, how, why, however,that，whether,that, as if,because, whether,what, who, whom, whose, which, whichever,what, who, whom, whose, which, whichever,