On the two sides of Kant's Political Thought.doc
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1、 On the two sides of Kants Political ThoughtAbstract From Kant on the French Revolution, described the state power and the polity, we can appreciate the political thought of their revolutionary and conservative nature of the double feature, which essentially is based on the philosophy of language to
2、 obscure the German bourgeoisie The political demands, but also the concentrated expression of the German bourgeoisie two-sided. Keywords: Kant; the French Revolution; constitutional monarchy Kants time in Germany, both politically and economically far behind the United Kingdom and France, which the
3、 German bourgeoisie with the United Kingdom and France do not have the two sides of the bourgeoisie, they both aspire to the revolution, but also afraid of the revolution. Kants political thought is a direct reflection of the characteristics of the German bourgeoisie, who on the one hand against the
4、 feudal autocracy and relive, national division, criticized the authoritarian, yearning and quest for freedom, equality and independence; the other hand, they dare not clearly put forward its own claims and demands, with a subtle, obscure, abstract language and methods demonstrated the reality of so
5、cial discontent and the pursuit of a better future for mankind, that the only ideal of the Republic in the real world can not be achieved, it can only exist in this side of the world is the reach of present and future, the afterlife, seeking to censure, and so they just stay in the revolutionary ide
6、ology. That exists in reality is not ideal, the ideal is unattainable is Kants revolution and the conservative two-tier political and ideological focus on general, and also reflects the weakness of the German bourgeoisie and compromise. We can see from Kants point of view on the French Revolution, t
7、he state power of discussion and the views of the polity between the lines in the deeply felt. Kant has been the enthusiasm of the French revolution, who is concerned about, when many people deviate from the German, the Kantian concept of enlightenment is also committed and loyal, so it is called th
8、e last one Jacobins. But in fact Kant is not a radical violent revolution of the Jacobins, but was simply lagging behind the situation in the German reformers for change. This can be from Kant to the ambivalence of the French Revolution seen. On the one hand he was the French revolution, the objecti
9、ves to be pursued very sympathetic, caring passion for the French Revolution, as it is with his own moral and political beliefs consistent; the other hand, he explicitly ruled out any resistance to their rights. Kant opposed to any violence, non-constitutional approach to political change. While he
10、sympathized with the revolutionaries of the target, but he was not in favor of a revolutionary means. Had to make a distinction between goals and means, which plunged into a dilemma. Kants deep sympathy for the French revolution, dedicated care, they also carried out its moral condemnation, that the
11、 French people to overthrow the monarchy is morally improper. Kant as the French Revolution took place in the contemporary of such an event, it is a dramatic demonstration of the moral endowments of human nature to prove that humanity really is moving forward to improve. It only refers only to the o
12、bservers way of thinking . . that all human beings share certain common features, which prove that one has a moral nature, or at least in its formation. This allows us not only hope that the improvement of mankind, and the impact on its already strong enough that it is itself a form of improvement.
13、Kant emphasized, not the French Revolution itself is evidence of continued progress towards the improvement of the human will, but this revolution in the bystander (Kant himself is such a bystander) caused by reflections in mind that this. Kant is not endorsed by rebellion or revolution itself, but
14、a nation free from the interference of other external forces, to create your own one he thinks is appropriate for citizens of the constitution, endorsed the creation of the French people are looking for the kind of constitution, because it is a Department of republican constitution, only in this con
15、stitutional system, in order to prevent wars of aggression, for peace, which is the revolutionary performance of advanced political thought. However, This does not mean that a nation with a constitutional monarchy, so you can call itself the right to change the constitution, even if only just in his
16、 heart secretly harbor this desire. Kants eyes should not be used in the way of violent revolution to create republican institutions, but should be a peaceful evolution means the gradual establishment of this system, since the violent revolution undesirable, then the avenues for political change onl
17、y the top-down reform This is a kind of. Kant believed that political change can not be impatient recklessness must be under the influence of environmental forces step by step, he believed that the monarchy, the republican system, leading to the only legitimate way is through a gradual reform of the
18、 sovereign himself. Therefore, we can say in the political outlook, the Kantian a conservative first, followed by the reformers, the conservative side of Kant those prevailing. Kant, the state is defined as: Many people in the law under the rule of the consortium. Any real country, only on its legal
19、 rights from a priori principles, is consistent with the national idea. Countries may have no real idea of set up to the national standards, but in any case, the state should be moving in this direction, and individuals have to accept the reality. * Kants emphasis on individual must accept the reali
20、ty, only the loyalty of the law to be free, but also the performance of his existing law and order, institutional and sovereign obedience. Kant pointed out: All the highest legislative authority against any resort to violence . . The rebellion, in the republican form of government is the largest and
21、 most to be a punishable offense, because it undermines its foundation, this prohibition is absolute. People in any case to resist the countrys highest legislative power are not legitimate. This is the only obey the will of the general legislation. To have a legal and orderly state, so there is no r
22、ight to riot, but there is no rebellion of the right . . Kants view that even if the monarchy undermined the law, indiscriminate of authoritarianism, subjects still no right to resist. People have an obligation to tolerate any abuse of the highest authority, even if they find such abuse is not toler
23、ated. In Kants view, can only be subject to feudal Germany, and can not resist the kind of violent revolution through the establishment of bourgeois state power in France, it is appropriate, and in Germany can only be a mirage of the other side of the world . Can be seen, Kants political vision of r
24、eality the aspirations of the revolution just stop at thinking that the only viable way to achieve personal self-perfection through moral self-cultivation, rather than to take revolutionary action. Kant believes that as a rational concept (the concept of law) of the destination should be based on th
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