The Features of Teaching Grammar in Middle School and Teaching Approaches1.doc
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1、中学语法教学的特点及方法The Features of Teaching Grammar in Middle School and Teaching ApproachesContentsAbstract.1Key words.1I. Introduction .11.1 What is Grammar?11.2 The Role of Grammar.21.3 The Goals of Reforming Grammar Teaching 21.4 What Aspect of Grammar should We Teach in Middle School? .3II. The featur
2、es of Grammar Teaching in Middle School.4 2.1 Conditions of English Grammar Teaching. .42.2 The Traditional Method of Grammar Teaching.5III. Techniques for Teaching Grammar.63.1 New Method “Awareness-raising ”in Grammar Teaching.63.2 Grammar in Textbooks.7IV. Several Strategies of Grammar Teaching.8
3、4.1 Analytical Skills and Comparative Skills .84.2 Providing Plentiful Appropriate Language Input.94.3 Using Predicting Skills.104.4 Limiting Expectations for Drills, Encouraging Communicative Drill.104.5 The Grammar Translation Approach.104.6 Teaching Grammar in Culture Class .114.7 Sentence Recomb
4、ination.114.8 Teaching Grammar in Situational Context.12V. Steps in Presenting Points of Grammar Using Direct Instruction in ESL and Language Instruction.13VI. Conclusion.14References.15The Features of Teaching Grammar in Middle Schooland Teaching Approaches摘 要:语法是用词造句规则的综合。教学语法的目的是为了使学生掌握基本语法规则,以便更
5、好地进行听、说、读、写等语言实践活动。由于英语和汉语在语法方面差异甚大,这就给中国学生在学习英语语法时增加了不少困难,因而学生会做出错误的归纳,这也给英语语言的学习带来麻烦。在这种情景下就需要英语教师采取更有效的教学模式和教学途径,使学生能熟悉的掌握英语语法并能够熟练的运用于交流实践中,更好地进行听、说、读、写等语言实践活动。旧的语法教学模式和教学途径以及现行的语法教学模式和教学途径有其优点但也有其不足,有待英语教师去探索和创新。关键词:语法;教学语法的目的;教学模式;教学途径Abstract: Grammar is the series of the rules that we make p
6、hrases and sentences. The main goal of our grammar courses is to give students a working knowledge of English so that they can use grammar to converse, read and write in the target language. There are a lot of differences between English and Chinese ,which give a lot of problems to Chinese students
7、who may mix a lot of concepts of English language with the Chinese ones. So as English teachers we must take a lot of measures to help the students to learn the grammar of English, including the better models of teaching and the better approaches of grammar teaching so that the students can use gram
8、mar to converse, read and write in the target language. Nowadays the teaching models and the approaches have their weakness that need teachers to create a more fair way to teach grammar.Key words: Grammar; the goal of grammar teaching; the molds of grammar teaching; the approaches of grammar teachin
9、gI. Introduction1.1 What is Grammar?Grammar is a system of a language. People sometimes describe grammar as the rules of a language, but in fact no language has rules. If we use the word rules, we suggest that somebody created the rules first and then spoke the language, like a new game. But languag
10、es did not start like that. Languages started by people making sounds which evolved into words, phrases and sentences. No commonly-spoken language is fixed. All languages change over time. What we call grammar is simply a reflection of a language at a particular time. Grammar is the fundamental orga
11、nizing principle of a language. It can be related to many parts, in other words, grammar is a framework to describe languages. Chomsky (1957) suggested that a grammar should describe a native speakers intuitive understanding of the language he or she uses. According to Chomsky, just such a grammar w
12、ould be the grammar that he introduced as Transformational Grammar.He initially tried to explain how actual language users created and understood grammatical structures they had never encountered in previous experience.He therefore established a set of transformational rules that explained a users c
13、ompetence with language. 1.2 The Role of GrammarThe role of grammar is controversial in language pedagogy. Different ELT practitioners have different views on it. Do we need to study grammar when learning a language? The answer is yes, grammar can help you to learn a language more quickly and more e
14、fficiently. Its important to think of grammar as something that can help you, like a friend. When you understand the grammar (or a system) of a language, you can understand many things yourself without having to ask a teacher or looking at a book. Though an observation, it shows poor grammar can red
15、uce other English skills, such as speaking, writing ,reading. That is to say, the sound knowledge of English Grammar can improve the students speaking and writing. So it is useful to assist English teachers in high school level to accelerate the efficiency of integrating English grammar.1.3 The Goal
16、 of Reforming Grammar Teaching Chomsky (1957) suggested that a grammar should describe a native speakers intuitive understanding of the language he or she uses. According to Chomsky, just such a grammar would be the grammar that he introduced as Transformational Grammar.He tried to explain how actua
17、l language users created and understood grammatical structures they had never encountered in previous experience.He therefore established a set of transformational rules that explained a users competence with language.This competence, he theorized, explained how language users could generate grammat
18、ical sentences. He explained that competence in language use did not mean a user could invoke the generative rules of the languages. language teachers and language learners are often frustrated by the disconnection between knowing the rules of grammar and being able to apply those rules automaticall
19、y in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. This disconnection reflects a separation between declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge. (Nancy G. Patterson the spring of 1998)Accordingly, The main goal of our grammar courses is to give students a working knowledge of English so that they ca
20、n use grammar to converse, read and write in the target language.Using Language freely and appropriately is a goal of grammar that focuses on students developing increasing proficiency in the understanding and controlling their language, including vocabulary development, word choice and syntax, and
21、oral and writing, or other skills. That is called communicative competence, which includes ethnical language for specificity, standard English for clarity, informal usage for effect. Students should also continue to develop the ability to control grammatical conventions, including sentence formation
22、, conventional usage, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling. 1.4 What Aspects of Grammar should We Teach in Middle School ?Some educators may still want to teach an effective course simply or find a new way to teach grammar to reach the goal of grammar. In that new course, learning the language
23、is interesting or intellectually challenging or can be made so interesting. What all students need, however, to understand and apply those aspects of grammar that are most relevant to writing or other skills for communication. But What aspects of grammar should we teach? Or how much is enough?Teachi
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