战略性贸易政策理论研究最新进展(The latest development of strategic trade policy theory).doc
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1、战略性贸易政策理论研究最新进展(The latest development of strategic trade policy theory)The latest development of strategic trade policy theory2008-7-21 15:55, Xu Lihua, Feng ZongxianSince 1980s, international economist analyzing method for the study of international trade policy has undergone great changes, there
2、are three main reasons: first, change the role of trade in the U.S. economy and the U.S. role in the world economy; change characteristics of second trade itself, affect the relationship between the United States and other countries; third economics changing views, especially the analysis of the ind
3、ustrial structure and the impact of competition with trade policy economists viewpoint. The traditional trade theory based on perfect competition can not explain the new phenomena in the field of international trade, such as intra industry trade, research and development, and the external economic p
4、roblems. The new trade theory explains these problems by introducing imperfect competition and increasing returns to scale, and provides the appropriate reasons for government intervention in the field of international trade. American economist Krugman (1953-), as the representative of the internati
5、onal trade theory, the formation of long-term thinking to break the traditional emphasis on international economy, ignored by traditional trade theory of the two characteristics of economies of scale and imperfect competition, put forward the new theory of international trade.The new trade theory is
6、 often referred to as the name of strategic trade policy because the trade theory is a direct indication of its policy views. The basic content of the strategic trade policy mainly includes: Strategic export policy, strategic import policy and export protection policy. Think of these basic theories,
7、 in the imperfect competition and scale economy, the government can rely on production and export subsidies, research and development subsidies, import tariffs and protect the domestic market and other means to support the national strategic industry development, cultivate and enhance its competitiv
8、eness in the international market and obtain scale economic benefits, and the opportunity to compete for competitors market share and profit.I. expansion of the basic model of strategic trade policyStrategic trade policy has attracted much attention since its inception, and many scholars have extend
9、ed and questioned its basic model and basic views.Bagwell (1992) and Staigen (1994) to reduce the product cost uncertainty into the Spencer-Brander subsidy model, proved the optimality strategy variables independent R & D subsidies and product market competition selection. In the basic model, the go
10、vernment is assumed to act before the enterprise decision. Carnmichael (1987) consider the opposite situation, he assumed that domestic and foreign firms sell differentiated products oligopoly in third markets, Bertrand (price) competition among enterprises, and make the price before the government
11、decided to subsidies or tax. The results show that the timing of decisions has an impact on the governments eventual subsidy or tax and national welfare. Brander and Spencer (1985) were investigated at the same time give their export enterprises subsidies of the two governments, the result is simila
12、r to the prisoners dilemma, which both countries want to increase their welfare through subsidies, and the final result is both countries than without subsidies of evil. This study shows that the strategic trade policy is a beggar thy neighbour policies, easily lead to trade disputes of trade betwee
13、n the two sides.Some scholars have investigated the relationship between cost, industrial concentration and strategic trade policy. Canada Ngo Van Longa and An-toine Soubeyrar (1997) believes in export subsidies in Cournot competition can improve national welfare, but if domestic firms relative to f
14、oreign factory number enough, enough domestic demand curve convex, then the optimal policy is the national export tax.Strategic trade policies were developed in developed countries, and some scholars made a new approach to the applicability of the theory to developing countries. Scholars represented
15、 by Carlos (late) argue that strategic trade policy is suitable for developing countries. Another view is that strategic trade policy is not suitable for developing countries. In addition, scholars have discussed the relationship between strategic subsidies and corporate profits, consumer surplus an
16、d national welfare, as well as the relationship between strategic trade policy and the scale of interests, Stack M Bergs competition, and so on. In a word, the expansion of the basic model and the basic theory of the strategic trade policy has greatly enriched the connotation of the theory.Two, the
17、latest research progress of strategic trade policy theory1. competitive advantage and strategic trade policyThe UKs David Colliea and David de Mezab (2003) in the competitive advantage of strategic trade policy in the chase extension of the famous Meza (1986), Neary (1994), and Bandyopadhyay (1997)
18、of the research results, and points out that Brander-Spencer (1985) model shows that,Low cost countries offer higher export subsidies / export taxes than the cost countries do.In the traditional trade model, free trade policy is the best in every country. But in the absence of retaliation, many coun
19、tries are keen to abandon free trade policy, which gives a reasonable explanation of the strategic trade policy. If there is an oligopoly, there will be rent, so it is in the interests of the state to create a biased competition environment. Since the governments motive is to transfer profits to dom
20、estic manufacturers, the subsidies allocated to the most profitable manufacturers are the highest, and the lower cost countries provide higher subsidies to their firms. Strategic complementarity means that when an enterprise cuts production, another enterprise does the same, resulting in higher pric
21、es and benefits. This shows that low-cost enterprises produce the largest output, so the government sets the highest export tax. The author believes that low-cost countries are more likely to profit from government intervention, and that whatever the governments policy is, the absolute value of low-
22、cost countries is greater than the cost of rival countries.2. income constraints, strategic trade policy and industrial policyThe strategic trade policy theory emphasizes the difference between the commitment ability of companies and the government, which is one of the key factors or motivations for
23、 interfering with the oligopoly market. Different scholars in the extension of the theory, although not only consider the industrial policy while also taking into account the trade policy, but are based on the assumption that no subsidies can raise local pass without distorting taxes, $1 of public f
24、unds the marginal social cost of 1. but in practice, raise subsidy distorts the the cost to the economy, which means that $1 of public funds the opportunity cost is greater than the to J. Peter Neary and Dermot Leahy in Britain (2004) is considered a companys profit and social value of pre subsidy,
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