[英语学习]新概念第四册练习册-阅读.doc
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1、Lesson 1听力STATEMENT1 What does the speaker mean? A.I believe I can find you in other places as well. B.I had no idea that I could find you here. C.I believe that I can only find you in this place. D.This is not the place for me to meet you.Mark! Here you are! This is the last place in the world I wo
2、uld have expected to find you.词汇阅读Part A (2001研究生入学考题)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonde
3、r at their place in it. humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. (61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study hum
4、ans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth. Anthropology derives from the Greek words anthr
5、opos human and logos the study of. By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind. Anthropology is one of the social sciences. (62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic,
6、and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particulary close to anthropology.
7、All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. (63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures p
8、ast and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylors formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. (64) Tylor defined cu
9、lture as . that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylors d
10、efinition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior. (65) Thus, the anthropological concept of culture, like the concept of set in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.Key:61而且,人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境,从而让
11、所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。62社会科学是知识探索的一个分支,它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样,用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。63强调收集第一手资料,加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角,使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。64泰勒把文化定义为“一个复合整体,它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯”。65因此,人类学中的“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样,是一个抽象概念,它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。Part BTEXT C(2001英专八级) Human migration: the
12、 term is vague. What people usually think of is the permanent movement of peoplefrom one home to another. More broadly, though, migration means all the waysfrom the seasonal drift ofagricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees from one country to another. Migration is big, dan
13、gerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the20th centuries. It is some 15 million Hindus, Skihs, and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of citizensbetween India and Pakistan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947. Migration is the dynamic undertow o
14、f population change: everyones solution, everyones conflict. As thecentury turns, migration, with its inevitable economic and political turmoil, has been called one of the greatest challenges of the coming century. But it is much more than that. It is, as it has always been, the great adventure of h
15、uman life. Migrationhelped create humans, drove us to conquer the planet, shaped our societies, and promises to reshape them again. You have a history book written in your genes, said Spencer Wells. The book hes trying to read goeshack to long before even the first word was written, and it is a stor
16、y of migration. Wells, a tall, blond geneticist at Stanford University, spent the summer of 1998 exploring remote partsof Transcaucasia and Central Asia with three colleagues in a Land Rover, looking for drops of blood. In theblood, donated by the people he met, he will search for the story that gen
17、etic markers can tell of the longpaths human life has taken across the Earth. Genetic studies are the latest technique in a long effort of modern humans to find out where they havecome from. But however the paths are traced, the basic story is simple: people have been moving since theywere people. I
18、f early humans hadnt moved and intermingled as much as they did, they probably would havecontinued to evolve into different species. From beginnings in Africa, most researchers agree, groups ofhunter-gatherers spread out, driven to the ends of the Earth. To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things mad
19、e migration happen. First, human beings, with theirtools and language, could adapt to different conditions without having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche. Second, as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed between groups. The first factor ga
20、ve us the keys to the door of any room on the planets the other gave us reasons to use them. Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, people moved toward places where metal wasfound and worked and to centres of commerce that then became cities. Those places were, in turn, invaded
21、and overrun by people later generations called barbarians. In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound tides in which people moved out tocolonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. For a while the population of Athens, that city of legendary enlightenment was as much a
22、s 35 percent slaves. What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in the great world events. MarkMiller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a professor of political science at the University of Delaware,told me recently. It is difficult to think of any great events that did
23、 not involve migration. Religions spawned pilgrims orsettlers; wars drove refugees before them and made new land available for the conquerors; political upheavalsdisplaced thousands or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental disasters like famine or
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