From the perspective of foreign language education psychology teaching skills to grasp the English language.doc
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1、 From the perspective of foreign language education psychology teaching skills to grasp the English language An English teacher in addition to the study of English language and pragmatic knowledge of English language development, history, culture and customs of English-speaking countries, the teachi
2、ng students and English Language Teaching specific methods, but also should be studied education, psychology, psycholinguistics, cognitive heart Neo-Confucianism, social linguistics, philosophy, and so on. Because of linguistic knowledge is financial psychology, pedagogy, sociology of knowledge into
3、 an integrated knowledge. In this paper, behavior theory, people-theory point of view of English teaching in secondary schools on how to grasp the English language teaching skills. 1, behavioral theory 1. Theories of the behavioral principles of 1913-1930 year is the period of early behaviorism, psy
4、chologists from the United States in the Pavlovian conditioned reflex theory of Watson, based on the start-up, 1913, Watson published “From a behaviorist who can see the eyes of the psychological Science, “which marks the birth of behaviorism. Watson claimed that psychology as a science, only resear
5、ch can observe behavior. This is because the scientific research results must be able to duplicate, and psychology with a subjective nature, can not be directly observed, we can not repeat, so better to put the psychological as a black box, we do not have to manage what they contained and how to act
6、ivity, only need to know the link between inputs and outputs on it. In stimulating an organisms case, only the external behavior as a response activities can be observed. Therefore, should act as a psychological study. Thus, Watsons line of research can be “stimulus - response” formula (SR) to repre
7、sent, he insisted on psychology is the scientific study of behavior. He advocated psychology should abandon the sense of imagery and other things too subjective, is only observed in the Institute and can be measured objectively stimulus and response. Without regard to one of the intermediate links.
8、Watson denied that psychology, consciousness, and stress behavior. He believes that human behavior is acquired under the acquisition of environmental impact, environmental determine a persons behavior, whether the behavior is normal or pathological behaviors are acquired through learning, you can al
9、so learn from the changes, additions or eliminated, that the identification of behavioral responses to environmental stimuli and the relationship between the regularity, we can predict the response under the stimulation, or under response to stimulate the inference, to predict and control of animal
10、and human act. He believes that the act is to stimulate the organism to adapt to the environment a combination of a variety of body responses, some manifested in appearance, some hidden in-house, in his eyes no difference between humans and animals, all follow the same pattern. Behaviorism is a repr
11、esentative of the latter part of the other well-known American psychologist Skinner. Since Skinners theory of behavioral health in China has been the development of his theory, usually referred to as the new behaviorism. And the Watsons behaviorism is called classical behaviorism. Skinner and Watson
12、 thought the difference is that he does not deny people the existence of internal mental activity, but he is convinced that all human behavior is determined by the external environment. Skinner in the Pavlovian classical conditioning is proposed based on operant conditioning, he made a “Skinner Box”
13、, a special device installed in the box, press a lever there will be food, he will be a hungry rat into the box, it will run around inside Luanpeng, freedom to explore, and occasionally a pressure lever to get food, then the frequency of rats lever pressed more and more that is learned through the p
14、ressure lever to get food, methods, Skinner named it operant conditioning or instrumental conditioning, food that is to strengthen objects, the use of reinforced materials to increase a reaction (ie behavior) frequency, a process called enhanced. Skinner believes that strengthening the training is t
15、o explain the bodys main mechanism for the learning process. 2. Skinner and his representative Skinnerian reinforcement theory BF Skinner (1904-1990) American behaviorist psychologist, the representative of the new behaviorism, operant conditioning theory, the founder. In 1931 received a doctorate i
16、n psychology at Harvard University, and in 1943 returned to Harvard to teach in 1950 was elected Fellow of National Academy of Sciences, 1958 issued by the American Psychological Association Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award in 1968, issued by the President of the United States highest sci
17、entific honor - the National Science Award. Is the second psychologist to receive this medal. Skinners Reinforcement Theory Strengthen the theory, also known as behavior modification theory is proposed by the U.S. psychologist Skinner to learn based on the principle of strengthening the understandin
18、g and amendments on a theory of human behavior. Skinner said: people or animals in order to achieve a certain purpose, will take the role of a certain behavior in the environment, when the consequences of such acts in his favor, this behavior will be repeated in the future; disadvantage, this behavi
19、or to weaken or disappear. People can use this positive reinforcement or negative impact of an enhanced approach to the consequences of the act, thus amending their behavior. The so-called strengthened in terms of its most basic form, refers to the act of a positive or negative consequences (reward
20、or punishment), it at least to some extent, will determine whether such acts in the future recurrence. According to the nature and purpose of strengthening can be enhanced to strengthen into positive and negative enhanced. In management, positive reinforcement to reward those organizations in need o
21、f behavior, thereby strengthening such acts; negative strengthening is to punish those who act incompatible with the organization, thus weakening such acts. Positive reinforcement methods include bonuses, recognition of achievement, recognition, improved working conditions and interpersonal relation
22、s, promotions, arranged as a challenging task, given the opportunities to learn and grow. Enhanced methods include the negative criticism, punishment, demotion, etc., and sometimes little or no reward to the reward is also a negative enhanced. When I first started Skinner will only strengthen the th
23、eory used for training animals, such as training dogs and circus animals. Later, Skinner in turn enhance the further development of the theory, and for peoples learning, the invention of programmed instruction and teaching machines. He stressed that the study of small steps to be followed and the pr
24、inciples of timely feedback will be big problems into many small problems, step by step, he will also compile a good teaching program on the machine where the teaching of the people received very good results. Strengthen the theory of the behavior of some specific application of the principles are a
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