传染病护理学重点(Key points of infectious disease nursing).doc
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1、传染病护理学重点(Key points of infectious disease nursing)2. pathogenicity of pathogens during infection:(1) invasiveness: the ability of pathogens to invade the body and spread in vivo. Such as: invasive ability, soluble tissue capacity, penetration and so on.(2): including virulence exotoxin, endotoxin an
2、d virulence factors.(3) number: the same pathogen, the number of invasion is often proportional to its pathogenic ability; in different infectious diseases, the number of pathogens causing a certain infectious disease varies greatly.(4) variationImmune response during 3. infection: nonspecific immun
3、ity and specific immunity(1) nonspecific immunity: the mechanism of the bodys elimination of foreign body into the body. It is obtained by heredity without antigen specificity, also known as innate immunity.Three main natural barriers skin, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, placenta; phagocytosis; humoral
4、 factors. Phagocytosis: mononuclear phagocyte system has nonspecific phagocytic function.Humoral factors, including fluid infusion, lysozyme and various cytokines, such as interleukin, tumor necrosis factor, interferon gamma, etc.(2) specific immunity: the specific immune response produced by the an
5、ti recognition of the antigen is an acquired active immunity. It includes humoral immunity mediated by B lymphocytes and cell-mediated immunity mediated by T lymphocytes.7. the route of transmission of viral hepatitis(1) fecal oral transmission: the main route of transmission of hepatitis A and e;(2
6、) the spread of blood and body fluids: mainly spread hepatitis B, hepatitis C, d way(3) mother to child transmission: mainly through the placenta, birth canal delivery, breast-feeding and feeding and other means of transmission, is also an important route of transmission of HBV infection.8. Detectio
7、n of hepatitis virus etiology (markers)The hepatitis A: Anti -HAV-IgG serum: recent infection index, is a marker for diagnosis of hepatitis A in the main. Serum anti HAV-IgG: protective antibodies are seen in patients who have been vaccinated with hepatitis A or those who have previously been infect
8、ed with HAV. HAV RNAThe hepatitis b:Surface antigen (HBsAg) and surface antibody (anti -HBs): HBsAg positive in HBV infected patients, HBV infection 3 weeks after the first occurrence of HBsAg. Anti -HBs positivity is mainly seen in patients who have been vaccinated against hepatitis B vaccine or wh
9、o have been infected with HBV and who have developed immunity.E antigen (HBeAg) and e antibody (anti -HBe): HBeAg only appeared in HBsAg positive serum, HBeAg positive indicated that HBV replication was active and infectivity was stronger; anti -HBe appeared after HBeAg disappeared.Core antigen (HBc
10、Ag) and its antibody (anti -HBc): HBcAg mainly existed in the nucleus of infected liver; anti -HBc appeared in the 35 week after HBsAg appeared. Type IgM anti -HBc exists in acute or chronic hepatitis B, and type IgG anti -HBc is a marker of past infection.Hepatitis B virus HBV (HBV DNA) and DNAP ar
11、e the most direct, specific and sensitive indicators of HBV infection. Both positive suggest the existence and replication of HBV, infectivity is strong.The hepatitis c:Hepatitis C virus RNA (HCV RNA);Hepatitis C virus antibody (anti -HCV) is a marker of HCV infection, not a protective antibody.The
12、HDAg and HDV RNA: hepatitis DThe hepatitis E: Anti -HEV-IgM and anti -HEV-IgG9. antiviral drugs for chronic hepatitis:1) interferon: indications of chronic hepatitis: (1) HBV is in active replication; (2) hepatitis is in active phase.Interferon is generally used in 1065 year old patients with severe
13、 heart and kidney dysfunction, and decompensated cirrhosis.2) nucleoside drugs: HBV DNA replication has strong inhibitory effect, no obvious adverse reactions.Lamivudine was first used in clinic. Other: adefovir, entecavir.3) Chinese herbal medicine: Shandougen agents such as Ganyanlin injection etc
14、.Common nursing diagnosis / measures for viral hepatitisThe activity intolerance and impaired liver function and energy metabolism disorders.Rest and activities: acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, active hepatitis, severe hepatitis should be in bed rest, liver function is normal, 13 months later ca
15、n resume daily activities and work, but should avoid excessive exertion and heavy physical labor.The life care: serious illness need to assist patients for dining, bathing, toilet and other life care.Psychological counseling.The nutritional disorders: less than body requirements and loss of appetite
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