中考动词讲解精品.doc
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1、 动词专项讲解 时态一. 动词的种类:四种(一)行为动词 ( 如 play study run ) 有具体动作意义(二)连系动词 (如 is am are get feel keep stay )等,后+形容词作表语(三)情态动词 (如 can may must should would)等,表示禁止、命令、请求等意义,后+动词原形(四)助动词(如 be +v ing 中的be ;Do you .?中的do ;He doesnt like .中的doesnt; Did you have.?中的did )只起 语法作用,无意义,不必翻译二. 动词的形式:(一)动词原形: 如play study
2、run (二)动词过去式: 如 played studied ran (三)动词三单形式: 如 plays studies runs (四)动词ing 形式: (也叫动名词或现在分词) 如 playing studying running (五)动词不定式: (即 to +动词原形)如 to play to study 三. 动词在句中的作用:1谓语:当某个动词或词组充当句子的谓语时,它的形式随语态、时态以及主语人称和数的变化而变化。细而言之:时态 语态 主 动 语 态被 动 语 态备注一般现在时原 形 或 三单is/am/are过去分词划线:助动词一般过去时过去式was/were 过去分词同
3、上现在进行时is/am/are 现在分词is/am/arebeing过去分词同上过去进行时was/were 现在分词was/were being过去分词同上一般将来时will/ shall动原will/shallbe 过去分词同上be going to动原be going tobe 过去分词Be:is/am/are过去将来时would/shoud动原would/shoudbe过去分词划线:助动词be going to动原be going tobe过去分词Be:was/were现在完成时have/has过去分词have/has been过去分词划线:助动词过去完成时had 过去分词had bee
4、n 过去分词同上含情态动词情态动词动原情态动词be 过去分词2非谓语:不定式 意义:动词的非谓语形式,常发生在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之后,作主语、宾语动词宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语常表示功能、状语。构成:不定式= to动词原形否定结构= not to do sth复合结构= for sb.not to do sth与疑问词连用:如what to do在下列动词后的不定式省略“to”:三看look see watch两听listen hear一感觉feel,注意notice使make让let have帮help可不省。形式主语:当不定式、否定结构、复合结构、与疑问词连用等形式作句子主语时,
5、用it来代替它,而将真正的主语置于谓语之后,“it”叫形式主语。 动名词意义:动词的非谓语形式,常常发生或预定在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之前,表示事实、爱好、功能、习惯等,起名词作用。作主语、宾语包括介词宾语和动词宾语、表语、定语常表示功能等。构成:动名词=V+ing . 否定结构= not doing sth. 复合结构=one notdoing sth现在分词 意义:动词的非谓语形式,常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间正在发生的动作,表示主动。用法:常作定语单个词前置,短语后置、宾语补足语和状语如时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语等。过去分词意义:动词的非谓语形式,常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即
6、时时间已发生的动作。表示被动。 用法:常作定语单个词前置,短语后置、宾语补足语和状语如时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语等四.选择动词正确形式的方法(一) 主语后需填动词时,注意动词的时态主要从该句中的时间状语来判断,有时也要从上下语境来判断。时态常用的提示语一般现在时always,usually,sometimes,often,every,once a week,in the morning,in December,in spring,on Mondays等。一般过去时ago,just now,before 2005,yesterday,last Friday,once,the other day
7、,those days,once upon a time,long before等。一般将来时tomorrow,the coming. ,in the future,next Tuesday,in two hours,some day,soon,before long,this evening等。现在进行时now,at the moment,look,listen,be quite,these days,still等。过去进行时this time yesterday,at that time,from 9 to 11 last Friday,when,while等。现在完成时since,for
8、,already,yet,just,in the past few years/ months,in the last few weeks/months/days等。过去完成时by the end of last term/month/year,by yesterday,by 2004,by last Monday等。过去将来时:大都出现在主句动词为一般过去时的宾语从句中。有些动词所表示的动作即便在说话时正在进行,也不能用进行时。这些动词通常表示情感、想法、感觉或所属。 表示情感的动词:like,dislike,love,hate. 表示想法的动词:believe,know,want,mean
9、,understand,remember. 表示感觉的动词:feel,see,hear,taste,smell. 表示所属的动词:belong,own,have.有些动词常用进行时表示将来,如:come,go,leave,arrive。 根据上面提示,完成下列句子1Lila is an English girl ,but she _(like ) Beijing Opera 2.Look ! the students _(play )basketball over there . 3What _they _ (do) for their vacation? 4 How _ (be) the w
10、eather in Shanghai ? It was rainy5 _ you _ (go ) fishing with Zhanghua? Yes, I did. 6.Are you _ (feel) well ? No,Doctor .(二) 如果主语后谓语不缺少,则考虑特殊动词后的用法。下面我们来介绍接to do , doing 和do 原形的特殊动词,动词短语和句型(1) 接to do 形式的动词有:1 want to do sth. 想要做某事want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事 2 help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 3 need to
11、 do sth.需要做 4 plan to do sth.计划做 5 hope to do sth. 希望做 6 try to do sth.尽量做 7 decide to do sth. 决定做 8 Its time (for sb.) to do sth.(该某人)做 的时间9 Im sorry to hear that + 句子 听到很难过10 have to do sth.必须做11 would like to do sth.=want to do sth . 想要做12 forget to do sth.忘记做13 remember to do sth . 记住要去做(区别remem
12、ber doing)14 ask sb. to do sth.请求/要求某人做 15 Its kind of you to do sth 谢谢你做16 It takes sb.(宾语) 一段时间 to do sth .花费某人一段时间做17 Its +形容词+(for sb. )+ to do sth. (对于某人而言)做很完成下面练习1 What does he want _ (be ) ? A nurse 2Hey ,Tom .Its time _( take ) walks .3 Is it easy _( keep ) a balance of yin and yang ?4 Wher
13、e do you plan _(spend ) your vacation ?5 You.re often late for school .Can you try _(get )to school early ?6 Let me help you _-(find ) your watch .7What would you like _(eat ) ? Noodles.8 Beijing is a good place _(have ) fun .9 I am so thirsty ,could you give me something _(drink)? 10 We need to hav
14、e healthy food _(keep ) healthy(动词不定式作目的状语 为了).(2)后接doing 形式的有:1. enjoy doing sth.喜欢做/享受做的乐趣2.finish doing sth.完成做3.stop doing sth停止做4.practice doing sth 练习做.5.sb.+spends time (in)doing sth. 某人花费时间做 6.have fun doing sth.做 很有趣 7.be busy doing sth . 忙于做8.be good at doing sth. =do well in doing sth. .
15、擅长于做 9.thanks for doing sth. 谢谢你做 10. keep doing sth .坚持做 11. How about doing sth.? =What about doing sth .? 怎么样(用来提建议)?完成下面的练习1 They all enjoyed _(camp ) yesterday. 2Please finish _(make) cakes ! 3Dont stop_(practice) the English conversations.4You should practice _(swim) a lot if you want to stay
16、healthy.5Thailand is a beautiful country .How about _(go)there and _(visit) it ?.6Were you often busy_(surf ) the Internet last year ? Yes I was 7Did Mary have fun _(hike ) in the mountains last Friday?8They are good at _(speak ) Japanese . 9.Tina , Thanks for _(help) me 表示做某事是一种习惯,爱好时也可用v ing 形式,或作
17、句子的主语如:Eating too much is bad for your health .或作句子的表语如:My hobby is playing basketball在某些固定短语中也v ing 形式如:do some reading/cleaning /washing /shopping. 还有go shopping/swimming/hiking/bike riding/sightseeing/fishing/boating/camping./skateboarding/skiing(滑雪).(3)既可接v-ing 形式,还可接to 形式,且意义相同的动词有like doing =l
18、ike to do , start doing =start to do begin to do =begin doing remember/forget/stop(4)后接动词原形有:1使役动词如:make let 等词后,它们的意义为使,叫 ,让2情态动词如:can ,could, may , must , would ,should 等词后3祈使句中,如:-Jane ,_(come ) here ,please .-OK,Mary Dont _(forget) to close your door .祈使句的否定形式有两种表示方法 如:Dont smoke here =No smokin
19、g here 但是第二种形式多用于公共场合4Lets +v原形(用来提建议)5 Why not +v 原形? (用来提建议)=Why dont you +v 原形?完成下列句子1I could _(read )a book when I was 4 years old .2Can you please _(write ) to me soon ?3You should _(lie ) down and rest when you are stressed out .4 The sad movie made everyone _(cry) 5 That makes me _(feel) happ
20、y.动词时态专项练习一般现在时与现在进行时专练( ) 1. Father usually _ his newspaper after dinner.A. read B. reads C. reading D. is reading( ) 2. The Blacks often _ to the cinema on Saturday evenings.A. go B. goes C. is going D. are going( ) 3.Look! The boy _ with his mother in the pool.A. is swimming B. is swimming C. are
21、 swimming D. are swiming ( ) 4.- What is Tom doing in the classroom? - He _ something on the blackboard.A. draws B. draw C. is drawing D. are drawing.( ) 5.Old Tom usually _ up at six and _ sports in the garden.A. gets, dos B. gets, does C. get, does D. gets, do( ) 6. Its ten oclock and Jack _ still
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