《心脏血管系统》演示PPT.ppt
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1、1,The Heart and Angiology,同济大学医学院 解剖教研室孙红斌,2,Composition,Cardiovascular system心血管系统 Lymphatic system 淋巴系统,3,The cardiovascular system,Organization Heart 心A muscle pump to maintain the flow of blood, Consist of four chambers (right and left atria, right and left ventricles) Artery 动脉 a. carry blood a
2、way from the heart Veins 静脉 v. carry blood back to the heartCapillary 毛细血管microscopic vessels, the area of exchange between blood and tissue fluid,4,Blood circulation,Systemic circulation 体循环 left ventricleaorta and its branchescapillaries of bodysuperior and inferior vena cavaright atriumPulmonary
3、circulation 肺循环right ventriclepulmonary a.capillaries of lungpulmonary v.right atrium,5,Vascular anastomosis 血管吻合,Anastomosis between a.Anastomosis between v.Arteriolovenular anastomosis 动静脉吻合Collateral vessels侧副管 Circulation侧支循环,6,Rectal venous plexus,7,PositionLies within the pericardium in middle
4、 mediastinum Behind the body of sternum and coastal cartilages 2 to 6 In front of thoracic vertebrae 5 to 8 A third of it lies to the right of median plan and 2/3 to the left,8,9,External characteristicsa hollow muscular organ, pyramidal in shape , somewhat larger than a closed fist; consists of fou
5、r chanbers (right and left atria, right and left ventricles)Cardiac apex is formed by left ventricle and is directed downwards and forwards to the left. It lies at the level of the fifth left intercostal space, 12cm medial to the left midclavicular line (9cm from the midline)Cardiac base is formed b
6、y the left atrium and to a small extent by the right atrium. It faces backward, upward and to the right,10,Two surfaceSternocostal surface is formed mainly by the right atrium and right ventricle, and a lesser portion of its left is formed by the left auricle and ventricle. It is directed forwards a
7、nd upwardsDiaphragmatic surface is formed the ventricleschiefly the left ventricle, directed backwards and downwards, and rest upon the central tendon of the diaphragm,11,Three bordersRight bordervertical, is formed entirely by right atrium Left borderround, is mainly formed by the left ventricle an
8、d partly by the left auricle Inferior borderhorizontal, is formed by the right ventricle and cardiac apex,12,Four groovesCoronary sulcus 冠状沟(circular sulcus) which marks the division between atria and ventricles, contains the trunks of the coronary vessels and completely encircles the heartInteratri
9、al sulcus 房间沟separates the two atria and is hidden by pulmonary trunk and aorta in frontInterventricular grooves 室间沟anterior and posterior, mark the division between ventricles (which separates the RV from the LV), the two grooves extend from the base of the ventricular potion to a notch called: the
10、 cardiac apical incisure 心尖切迹Atrioventricular crux 房室交点a junction of the posterior interventricular groove and coronary sulcus,13,Chambers of the heart,Right atrium 右心房 (RA)Three inletsOrifice of superior vena cava 上腔静脉口returns blood to the heart from the upper half of the bodyOrifice of inferior ve
11、na cava 下腔静脉口 returns blood to the heart from the lower half of the bodyOrifice of coronar sinus 冠状窦口 returns blood to the heart from the cardiac muscle One outle right atrioventricular orifice 右房室口,14,Crista terminalis界嵴 vertical ridge thatjfrom superior vena cave to inferior vena cave Sulcus termi
12、nalis 界沟 groove on exterior of heart that corresponds to crista terminalisTwo partsseparated externally by sulcus terminalis and internally by the crista terminalisAtrium proper 固有心房In front of the ridgePectinate muscles in wallRight auricle 右心耳a small conical muscular pouch, projects to the left fr
13、om the root of superior vena cava, pectinate muscles in wall,15,Sinus venarum cavarum 腔静脉窦Lies posterior to the ridgeSmooth wallsFossa ovalis 卵圆窝an oval depression, a remnant of the fetal foramen ovale, on the lower part of interatrial septum, the most common location of atrial septal defects (ASD)L
14、imbus fossae ovalis 卵圆窝缘 prominent margin of fossa ovalis Torus aortious 主动脉隆凸,16,17,Right ventricle (RV) 右心室,Receives deoxygenated blood from right atrium through right atrioventricular orificeOne inletright artrioventricular orifice 右房室口One outletorifice of pulmonary trunk 肺动脉口Two partsdivided by
15、the supraventricular crest 室上嵴, a muscular ridge between right atrioventricular orifice and orifice of pulmonary trunk,18,Inflow tractrough wallsTrabeculae carneae肉柱 irregularly arranged bundles of myocardiumSeptomarginal trabecula 隔缘肉柱extends from interventricular septum to base of anterior papilla
16、ry muscle, contains right bundle branch Papillary muscles乳头肌conical-shaped , anterior, posterior and septalOut flow tractConus arteriosus 动脉圆锥 cone-shaped, smooth area leading upward to orifice of pulmonary trunkPumps blood through pulmonary orifice to pulmonary trunk,19,Left atrium (LA) 左心房,Left au
17、ricle左心耳projecting to the right, pectinate muscles in wallFour inletsfour orifices of pulmonary veins 肺静脉口open through the posterior wallOne outletleft atrioventricular orifice左房室口, blood leaves through left atrioventricular orifice to left ventricle,20,Left ventricle (LV) 左心室,Has wall three times t
18、hicker than that of right ventricle One inletleft atrioventricular orifice 左房室口One outletaortic orifice 主动脉口Two partsdivided by anterior cusps of mitral valveInflow tractrough wallsOutflow tract aortic vestibule 主动脉前庭, smooth area leading to aortic orifice,21,Valves,Tricuspid valve 三尖瓣Guards right a
19、trioventricular orifice Three triangular cusps: anterior, posterior and septal, the base of cusps are attached to fibrous ring surrounding the atrioventricular orificeChordae tendineae 腱索fine, white, connective tissue cords, attach margin of cusps to papillary muscles 乳头肌,22,Mitral valve 二尖瓣Guards l
20、eft atrioventricular orifice Two triangular cuspsanterior and posterior with commissural cusps between them (posteromedial and anterolateral commissures)Similar structures to those of right,23,24,Valve of pulmonary trunk 肺动脉瓣Guards the orifice of pulmonary trunkHas three semilunar cusps each with fr
21、ee border that has central nodules of semilunar valve 半月瓣小结,25,Aorti vavle 主动脉瓣Guards the aortic orificeThree semilunar cusps (right, left and post)Three aortic sinuses bulges in aortic wall at level of valve that correspond to cuspsRightcontains opening of right coronary arteryLeftcontains opening
22、of left coronary arteryPosteriorno opening,26,Similar functions for pulmonary and aortic valvesOpening during systole, with cusps pressed toward wall of vessel as blood is forced upward Closed during diastole Ventricular pressure drops in diastoleFloating together of valve cusps, with free borders m
23、eeting, thus closing the valve,27,Structure of the heart,Walls of heartEndocardium心内膜inner coat of the heart wall, and continuous with the valve flapsMyocardium 心肌Arranged spirallyAttached to fibrous rings surrouding the four orifices of heartEpicardium 心外膜serous membrane (visceral pericardium),28,I
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