最新Even today 中山大学 商务沟通汇编.doc
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1、Even today, just about every large organization remains hierarchical. The organizations of the knowledge economy-whether loosely coupled, networked, or federalized-seem to be no more than modifications of the same basic design. The new flatter(扁平的), faster organizations certainly reflect some import
2、ant changes in the way business is done, but the basic blueprint is unchanged. Subordinates continue to report to superiors, much as they historically have done, at GE and IBM. Department heads report to division managers, who report to group VPs and so on. Hierarchy, it seems, may be intrinsic to o
3、ur natures. 2 Hierarchy, of course, is not just an organizational construct. It is a phenomenon intrinsic to the complexity of the natural world. But hierarchy is more than natures way of helping us to process complexity. Powerful psychological forces come into play. Hierarchies (等级森严的组织,等级制度) provi
4、de clear markers that let us know how far and fast we are climbing the ladder of success: Clerks can become department heads, corporals(下士) can move up to sergeants(中士). Often those markers are symbolic, such as corner offices, enriched titles like assistant vice president, or employee of the month.
5、 Why do such seemingly trivial measures so often succeed? Perhaps because we want to be evaluated, and hierarchies offer us report cards (工作成绩表) in the respectable form of performance appraisals, salary increases, promotions, bonuses, and stock operations. We may grouse (complain) about unfair evalu
6、ations and meager (small, scant) raises, but most of us seem to want to see our grades.A凝血酶时间检查血浆中凝血酶活性 3 Hierarchies give us more than these somewhat questionable measures of our worth; they give us an identity. Just think of how it feels to be out of a job for an extended period. Loss of income is
7、 not the only problem. Self-esteem is involved: ones role in society, ones own identity. When someone is jobless in an individualistic, high-achieving culture like ours, it takes a strong ego (自尊,自我) to maintain a sense of self-worth. Only the very young and the very old are permitted the luxury of
8、respectable joblessness. And for the very old, it is still important to have been a division manager at DuPont, or a foreman(supervisor) at the local bakery, or a colonel (上校)in the Marine Corps(海军陆战队)。二、选择题(每小题2分,共计40分) 4 Of course, there are many people who thrive outside hierarchical organization
9、s-artists, for instance, entrepreneurs, homemakers, and freelance (自由职业者的) professionals-but most of us who work inside hierarchies take comfort from them. Like our families, communities, and religions, they help us define ourselves. They provide identity, a flag to fly. Write down quickly three sho
10、rt answers to the question: “Who are you?” At least one of your answers will have something to do with your role in a hierarchy.2甲公司A产成品当月末的账面余额为( ) 。 5 Hierarchies add structure and regularity to our lives. They give us routines, duties, and responsibilities. We may not realize that we need such th
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