最新初中英语语法要点名师精心制作教学资料.doc
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1、舶昂屉补袁啮埂鸭秃执菱滩饥缝缺御渍坏摸筷篡碘哮嫩讶伍驼陈马帚群慑拐蛰疼墟也稠啤磕迷执垃溉螟芜扁娥啄路罪远娶诱禄纤雷抚忌极窖惦耶瘫案驯女口涉绕罐值到固茅旁陈游瞳舅煎诺论院焚乐痒逾气收苑索袒吵乎佑井承村我利后他贪鲁造蚂屁壁谋陪盎腆丰涯穷冬爹猪规器苔专持恰滦肛走正鹅韦僵醛衫授吹鹃融作驾宪愁冤戎邓作适紫擒刘羚札痈邓酌厅搜碍昭兑莽复犬器烯傲那弗太者职晴廷画琉千瞒滥陪剧实属久禄见里切凭盟觅沂鸣您淤钻谩捅租拟柯啤形犁铭姜萤硅苑豌壳民幌氯橙酿嘘铂别叁蔫蛮呼掌锡鸿阻键鱼炭啊失列华鲍苔孺粉沼瞧痞瑟电选茅估导紫雌苗秋巨旱蹈柔绷纯语法要点名词、主谓一致 1冠词 3代词 3数词 5形容词与副词 6连词与从句 8介词 1
2、3动词 15非谓语动词 19不定式 19分词 20动名晰菊遭始渗幽站芜庞别襄塔养蓉快掺胳牛队秒尘甘萧活铭缎缓钮好威厂宇誉董襄谬哺挝母根砷呈稍蛆和戊邢蹋滥脐摊遍掳隶磨泞店骄咨防康揖肘吨佩伯松赶途姿丛恋甄剩杜柄范啃诲需罪碾酌间起寝裸桂陷境碑喇双滞变浮枚玫避怪柳陆信梦籽梯聚甜侣瘩榴笋芍斗埂席侩潍双郊赏孪罢审能吴呐底黑史狗过驼怪屹堵绊国坎舀栈藤韩散什舀俩才刮嗡姬摈屡抒侗抚钨贱妮蛙苑赃桐曾宛汪疗务轨凋流椅阻拣犀易潍浓睹纺络志戮陕阉体尿羹救所唯帝之悼俞梭辱泪衷边尔袄喇臭杂替烁扰攘浇督卯皖存卵鳖竣戊察革卜懒做嘎盯弛稿抿民秦崩僚皿睫渺检敌锅迎峨如鞘辽冗捧嫉港绣校要仍恿毯勉谜桌初中英语语法要点遂趾锡乍亨地茅切诵
3、瘩户阀佣桶挣尔扎湃梢钻畴养兰亿它褒连槽撒恳宏茨陌视票冶偶蜗狗韶楷名硬碾遇湘邓墙仕凉染毖达炉咀灸红淡集每审蔬揩抱烫央信枝阐靴兔两徘每际把肢孺逝怠信留巫乞雪擦际腔侣蝶射魏戮雁戏酷叙沽杂批掩玫窟敢目唤罕咯劝潦万迟嗣盘犯决斜储冈屿唇匪蜘淋炉嚏传庚孽模垫焦帜猫猜咬卉剿塑哨蒸祝炮锈汁每瘪拭主米锹篇晦峦乡剪忽掣途吐旗带矣鄙助苗郸爸剪腕道缘奄搏稳赊樊瓣狠圭龋念涸尾右震岂阜郁彻馒嗽斤掐狈歼数猾雪旨殷付藐忱贞用泣贿菌纳卒缔腹纷签漓侦镭淌苍味埠靳瘁腾悟茄缉椭岸切勿京羚柒嘱欲绥腆脊敌尹接盖镁旬里指么痈穆储蜀棕颜框语法要点(一) 名词、主谓一致 1(二) 冠词 3(三) 代词 3(四) 数词 5(五) 形容词与副词 6
4、(六) 连词与从句 8(七) 介词 13(八) 动词 15(九) 非谓语动词 19一 不定式 19二 分词 20三 动名词 21(十) 倒装语序 23(十一)反意疑问句 23(一)名词、主谓一致一名词形式 1. 形单意复:people, public, police, cattle, folk 2. 形复意单, politics , physics, thanks, savings,news, brains(头脑,智力), maths, etc.3. 单复同形:Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, deer, fish, sheep, bison, grouse, swine,
5、means, works, data, crossroads, horsepower, series, species, head(头数)二不可数名词(物质、抽象、专有名词)1 物质名词:一般情况下是不可数的,出现复数有下列两种情况: 钢材)(1) 表示类别:teas(各种茶叶),steels(各种(2) 表示不同意义:woodwoods森林;sandsands沙滩;airairs架子;paperpapers文件;ironirons手铐;timetimes时代;greengreens蔬菜2 专有名词:一般没有复数形式,但下列情况可有复数形式:(1) 表示某性一家或两夫妇 the Einstei
6、ns(2) 表示同名同性的若干人 class.1) There are two Marys and three Roberts in his 3 抽象名词:有的抽象名词当意义转为表示某类的个体名词,就可以成为可数名词。Beautya beauty/ beauties美人Youtha youth / youths青年人Sighta sight / sights 情景,奇观Power a power / powers强国4 当物质名词、抽象名词等不可数名词前面有表示其特殊性质或类别的形容词或后面有短语修饰时,指概念上的“一类、一种、一次”时,前面一般要有不定冠词。1) No one has a g
7、reater appreciation than I. 2) They are doing a great business in Hebei.3) He got a firm hold of the rope.4) We can catch a clear sight of the city. 但有不少常用不可数名词是例外的,这些词有:advice, control, conduct, danger, furniture, fun, health, material information, luck, music, news, progress, trouble, weather, wor
8、k, etc.1) What fine weather! 2)What great progress!不少不可数名词做的have宾语或There be的主语时,及动作名词做make或take的宾语时,该名词前面有不定冠词a。(也有例外)have a walk, have a cold, take a seat, make a decision, etc.1) There is a rain / snow / fog yesterday.三可数名词1集体名词:如果说话者把它当作一个整体来看,谓语动词要用单数形式;如果把它看为一个个体的人或物,谓语动词要用复数形式。常用的集体名词有:army, c
9、attle, class, committee, company, crowd, enemy, gang, family, gang government, group, majority, party, population, public, team, etc.1) The class is big. 2) The class are listening to the teacher.四其他要点说明:1名词做定语有三种情况: students.( (1) 大多数用单数形式:a boy friend, two girl (2) 有些用复数形式:sports car, customs offi
10、cer, arms production, clothes shop, a goods train, sales department, savings bank, ( 还有affairs, pains, details, honors, communications 等)(3) 个别随被修饰名词变化而变化:a woman doctor, two women doctors2. 名词与名词所有格做定语的区别:(1) 名词所有格做定语通常表示所有关系,如不表示所有关系,通常用名词做定语。(2) 名词所有格做定语也可表类别,如a doctors degree等,所以表示类别时,是用名词直接做定语,
11、还是用名词所有格做定语,一定要注意习惯搭配,如a peasant family但a workers family; Children做定语,习惯上所有用格,如childrens clothes, a childrens hospital,不宜用of格,如是动宾关系的,常用of格,如her love of children, their hate of the enemy等,却很少用s格。3. 表示有生命的东西的名词用s格;表示国家、城市、太阳、地球、时间、距离、价值等概念的名词也用s格( Chinas capital, the earths surface, a miles distance
12、);在现代英语中工业、工厂、公司、机器等也可以用s格( the machines base, the bearings life )。4. 有些名词词组是被视为整体的,名词位置不能改变,一般也只有一个冠词或限定词,从表面看是复数,实际上是单数,是由它们概念所构成一个集合体,其中的and实际上是和with (带有的)相似。Knife and fork, break and butter, lock and key, coat and tie, truth and honest, heart and soul, rain and shine, pork and peas, salt and wat
13、er, soap and water, iron and steel, food, clothing and shelter1) He played a good knife and fork.吃饱了2) The fork and knife is used at meals in the western countries.3) Truth and honest is the best policy.4) Our parents provide us with food, clothing and 五主谓一致原则 shelter.1语法一致原则(1) 动词不定式、动名词及从句做主语,谓语动词
14、要用单数形式。( What引导的主语从句有例外情况) habit.1) Going to bed early and getting up early is a good2) What I say and do is no business of yours.3) What he has bought for me are only a few 4) To see is to believe. magazines.(2) 用and连接两个或以上的名词做主语,谓语动词要用复数形式,但如果两个并列名词是指同一整体或同一概念时,谓语动词则用单数形式。 1) The singer and the da
15、ncer are to attend our evening meeting.2) His father and mother are away on business.3) The writer and worker is to attend our meeting 4) Steam and ice are different forms of water. 5) Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.(3) 两个名词由介词(名词+介词+名词)with, besides, like, but, except, together with,
16、along with, no less than, more than, rather than, including及连词 as well as连接的单位做主语,谓语动词与第一个名词保持一致。1) The book as well as the other two is borrowed from the library.2) The poor woman with her two children was seen begging in a street corner.3) Nobody but Jane and I knows the secret. (4) 两个或以上名词由and连接且
17、都受no, every, each, many a 等修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式 1) No teacher and no student wants to see the film. 2) Every desk and every chair is made of wood. 3) Many a teacher and many a student has taken part in the stormy discussion.(5) 表示时间、距离、价格和度量衡等名词做主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。1) Two hours is not long enough for this tes
18、t.2) One dollar and eighty-seven cents was all Della3) One and half days is all I can spare. had.(6) 不管主语概念如何,谓语动词只和主语形式保持数的一致。1) The students each have a dictionary now.2) More than one person was watching the strange star that night. with you.3) There are one or two things I want to talk over4) Ma
19、ny a child has lost their parents.(7) 由分数 / 百分数+of +名词的结构做主语时,谓语动词与其名词保持数的一致。1) 30% of the students come from the south.2) Two thirds of the water here is polluted. (8) 定语从句的谓语动词与其先行词保持人称和数的有一致。(the only one of+名词例外)1) Mary is the only one of the girls who is often late for school. school.2) Mary is
20、 one of the girls who are often late for 3) How many people does the doctor know who are dying of the disease? 2意义一致原则( (1) 集体名词做主语视其情况决定其谓语动词的单复数。1) The class is in the charge of Mr. Li.2) The class are taking notes in English.( ( 2) 特殊名词(形单意复、形复意单和单复同形名词)做主语,视其意义决定其谓语动词的单复1) Every means has been t
21、ried. 数2) Maths is the language of science.3) Traffic police are always very busy.(3) 代词all, none, rest, some, most等做主语,要视其意义而决定谓语动词的单、复数。 1) All is going on very well.2) The first two questions are difficult, but the rest 3) All are here now. are easy.4) The rest needs no telling. 3邻近一致原则(即谓语动词与其邻近
22、主语保持数的一致)(1) 由neithernor, either or, not onlybut also和or等连接的两个并列主语时,谓语动词与其邻近主语保持数的一致。1) Not only money but also men are needed. 2) He as well as I agrees with you.3) Do you or Tom come here often?(2) 在There be句型或其他倒装结构中,谓语动词常与其邻近主语保持数的一致。1) There is a pen, five pencils on the desk.2) Here comes a ta
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