《神经系统传导通路-中国医科大学.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《神经系统传导通路-中国医科大学.ppt(18页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、-1-,Chapter 19 the conductive pathway of nervous system,Nervous system,the sensory conductive pathway the motor conductive pathway the chemical pathway of nervous system,-2-,The reflex path was referred to the conductive path of preceding or descending without via cerebral cortex.,Visual conductive
2、pathway and pupillary light reflex Auditory conductive pathway Conductive pathway of equilibratory sensation,Sensory(preceding)conductive pathway,conscious nonconscious,trunk、four limbs Head and facial part,Conductive pathway of proprioceptive sense,Trunk, four limbs Head and facial part,The conduct
3、ive pathway of sensation of pain and warm, thick touch sensation and ressure sense,Conductive pathway of visceral sense,General visceral sence Special visceral sense,cortical substanceneostriatumdorsal thalamus circuit loop of cortex neostriatumcircuit of black substance pallidumcircuit loop of subt
4、halamus cortex bridge of varoliuscerebellumcircuit of cortex,corticospinal tract corticonuclear tract,pyramidal tract,Motor(descending)conductive pathway,Extracorticospinal tract,-3-,The middle and superior part of posterior central gyrus The posterior part of paracentral lobule,Muscle, tendon, join
5、t, skin,peripheral process,spinal nerve,spinal ganglia,central process,Golls column Burdachs fibers,gracile nucleus Burdachs nucleus,bulbar lemniscus of opposite side,all parts of brainstem,ventral posterolateral nucleus of dorsal thalamus,posterior limb of internal capsule,conductive pathway of pro
6、prioceptive sense,the conductive pathway of conscious proprioceptive sense of trunk and four limbs and fine touch,The sensory conductive pathway,-4-,(二)The conductive pathway of unconscious proprioceptive sense in trunk and four limbs,The proprioceptor of muscle, tendon, and joint,spinal cord,the me
7、dial part of radix posterior,C8L2segment of thoracic nucleus,posterior spinocerebellar tract,inferior cerebellar peduncle,cortex of palaeocerebellum,funiculus lateralis medullae spinalis of homonymy,the lateral part of the 5th to 7th of lumbosacral enlargement,fiber of second class,anterior spinocer
8、ebellar tract of opposite side and ipsolateral,superior cerebellar peduncle,cortex of palaeocerebellum,-5-,skin,peripheral process,spinal nerve,spinal ganglia,central process,spinal cord、 layer,spinothalamic tract of opposite side,the middle and superior part of posterior central gyrus the posterior
9、 part of paracentral lobule,all parts of brain stem,ventral posterolateral nucleus of dorsal thalamus,posterior limb of internal capsule,spinal lemniscus,The superficial sensory pathway,The superficial sensory pathway of trunk and limbs,the inferior part of posterior central gyrus,skin and mucosa,pe
10、ripheral process,trigeminal nerves,trigeminal ganglion,central process,spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve pontine nucleus of trigeminal nerve,trigeminal lemniscus,posteromedial nucleus of dorsal thalamusventral,posterior limb of internal capsule,(二) The superficial sensory pathway of head and face,a
11、scends 1 to 2 segment,-6-,-7-,visual cone rod,bipolar neuron,nodal cell,optic nerve,chiasm opticum visual tract,external geniculate body,optic radiation,posterior limb of internal capsule,the two sides of calcarine fissure,In the chiasm opticum, the fiber derived from retina of two eyes nasal side i
12、ntersect, while the temple side ones dont intersect.,visual pathway and pupillary light reflex pathway,visual pathway,-8-,The lesion of decussating fiber of chiasm opticum can induce the half blindness in temple side of binocular visual field; the lesion of non-decussating fiber of chiasm opticums l
13、ateral part can induce the half blindness in nasal side of binocular visual field; the lesion of visual tract in one side can induce homonymous hemianopsia of opposite side.,The damaging of conductive pathway in different position can induce different visual filed defect:,The injury of retina can in
14、duce visual field defect, which is related to the position and scope of injury; The optic nerve injury of ones side can induce absolute blindness of this eye;,-9-,The route of pupillary light reflex:,accessory nucleus of oculomotor nerve of two sides,ciliary ganglion,retinaoptic nervechiasm opticum
15、the visual tract of two sidesbrachium of superior colliculuspretectal area,oculomotor nerve,postganglionic fibre,pupil sphincter musclethe contraction of two pupils,direct light reflex indirect light reflex,The pupillary light reflex pathway,-10-,The pupillary light reflex representation of injury i
16、n different position,-11-,The auditory pathway,organ of Corti bipolar cell (exchange neuron) cochlear nerve ventral cochlear nucleusdorsal and cochlear nucleus (exchange neuron) trapezoid body of pons overlaps to the opposite side lateral lemniscus the dorsi-lateral part of tegmentum of midbrain inf
17、erior colliculus (exchange neuron) brachium of inferior colliculus medial geniculate body (exchange neuron) acoustic radiation posterior limb of internal capsule transverse temporal gyri of auditory field in cerebral cortex,The auditory impulsion is conducing of two sides. If one side path above lat
18、eral lemniscus is damaged, the obvious symptom wouldnt happen. But if the cochlear nerve, internal ear or middle ear is damaged, auditory handicap will be induced.,-12-,Upper motor neurons Lower motor neurons final common path,anterior horn of spinal cord motor neuron,somatic motor area of cerebral
19、cortex pyramidal cell,corticonuclear tract,corticospinal tract,pyramidal tract,cranial nerve motor nucleus,pyramidal system,Motor pathways,pyramidal tract The giant pyramidal cell of paracentral lobules anterior part and precentral gyrus and the pyramidal cells of other type as well as the axon of p
20、yramidal cell which lie at the frontal lobe and apical lobe constitute pyramidal tract.,-13-,trunk muscle, limbs muscle,the middle and superior part of anterior central gyrus the anterior part of paracentral lobule,pyramidal cell,posterior limb of internal capsule,midbrain, pons,lateral corticospina
21、l tract,anterior corticospinal tract,anterior horn motor neuron,spinal nerve,corticospinal tract,medulla oblongata,-14-,pyramidal cell (inferior part of anterior central gyrus),corticonuclear tract,nucleus of oculomotor nerve nucleus of trochlear nerve nucleus of abducent nerve motor nucleus of trig
22、eminal nerve the superior part of nucleus of facial nerve nucleus ambiguus accessory nucleus,extraocular muscles masseter muscle facial muscles(frontal muscle、orbicularis muscle) laryngeal muscle sternocleidomastoid trapezius,knee of internal capsule,corticonuclear tract,-15-,the inferior half of fa
23、cial nucleus cheek muscle、orbicularis oris nucleus of hypoglossal nerve lingual muscle,only recept the corticonuclear tract fiber of opposite side,supranuclear paralysis of facial nerve infranuclear paralysis of facial nerve supranuclear paralysis of hypoglossal nerve infranuclear paralysis of hypog
24、lossal nerve,-16-,The principal injury representation of upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons,-17-,It is referred to the influence outside of pyramidal system and all the conductive pathways controlling body movement. Its structure is very complex, which includes cerebral cortex, striate body
25、, dorsal thalamus, red nucleus, substantia nigra,vestibular nucleus, cerebellum and so on. The main functions of the extrapyramidal system in man are to regulate the tonicity of the muscles, coordinate the muscular activities, maintain the normal body posture and produce habitual and rhythmic movements.,extrapyramidal system,-18-,cortexneostriatumdorsal thalamuscortex neostriatumsubstantia nigra corticopontocerebellarcortex globus pallidussubthalamus,The extrapyramidal system concludes the following four circuits:,
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-2194296.html