上海交大DSP培训教程ppt课件.ppt
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1、2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,1,第三章 DSP系统结构,数字信号处理系统 设计与实践,上 海 交 通 大 学 电 子 工 程 系,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,2,主要内容,C5400总体结构,存储器结构,CPU,数据寻址模式,程序寻址模式,流水线,小结,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,3,C5400总体结构,改进的哈佛结构,多套总线,独立的程序总线和数据总线 (取指和数据访问可以同时进行),
2、四套总线(一套程序总线,三套数据总线)(提高CPU的数据吞吐量),具备中断管理、重复操作及函数调用等控制机制,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,4,C5400的功能模块,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,5,C5400总体结构(续),总线结构,程序总线PB,负责读取指令和数据表格 数据总线CB、DB和EB,CB和DB读取数据,EB存储数据 地址总线PAB、CAB、DAB和EAB 外设总线,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center
3、 of SJTU,6,C5400总体结构(续),2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,7,读写访问中的总线使用,总线结构(续),2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,8,存储器资源,程序空间: 程序代码、常系数表格,数据空间:程序处理时的数据和结果,I/O空间 :映射为外部设备、扩展外 部数据存储器等,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,9,存储器资源(续),存储器类型,RAM(片内或片外),ROM (片内或片外)
4、,DARAM (Dual Access RAM ),SARAM (Single Access RAM ),2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,10,常见的C5400系列器件的片内存储器配置,存储器资源(续),2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,11,中央处理单元(CPU),40位的算术逻辑单元(ALU)、2个40位的累加器、桶形移位器、1717位乘法器、40位加法器、比较选择存储单元(CSSU)、数据地址发生单元和程序地址发生单元,片上外设,通用I/O、软件可编程等待态发
5、生器、可编程块切换逻辑、主机接口(HPI)、定时器、时钟逻辑、串行口、DMA、外部总线接口和JTAG,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,12,C5400的存储器结构,C5400包括三个相互独立的数据空间、程序空间和I/O空间,每个空间为64K字,字长为16比特,C5400包含片内存储器和片外可扩展存储器,片内存储器的优点包括:,不需要等待状态,可以高速访问 比使用外部存储器成本低 比使用外部存储器功耗低,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,13,存储器配置标志位,存储器
6、空间,MP/MC位,DROM位,OVLY位,0 片内ROM使能并能够访问,1 表示片内ROM无法访问,0 片内RAM只映射在数据空间,1 片内RAM同时映射到程序空间和数据空间,0 片内ROM的不映射到数据空间,1 片内ROM的一部分映射到数据空间,C5400的存储器结构(续),2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,14,存储器空间(续),C5402存储器空间,20根地址线,最高位的4根可供扩展程序空间,6条可对扩展程序空间寻址的指令,专用寄存器程序指针扩展寄存器(XPC),C5402的扩展后的程序空间可分成16页,每页64K,C54
7、00的存储器结构(续),2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,15,5402 存储器空间 配置,存储器空间(续),Reserved,(OVLY=1),or,External,(OVLY=0),On-Chip,DARAM,(OVLY=1),External,(OVLY=0),External,Interrupts,(External),Page 0 Program,Hex,0000,007F,0080,3FFF,4000,FF7F,FF80,FFFF,MP/MC=1,(Microprocessor,Mode),Memory,Mapped
8、,Register,On-Chip,RAM,16K,External,Page 1 Data,Hex,0000,005F,0060,3FFF,4000,FFFF,Reserved,(OVLY=1),or,External,(OVLY=0),On-Chip,DARAM,(OVLY=1),External,(OVLY=0),External,Interrupts,(On-Chip),Page 0 Program,Hex,0000,007F,0080,3FFF,4000,FF7F,FF80,FFFF,MP/MC=0,(Microcomputer,Mode),On-Chip,ROM,4K,Reserv
9、ed,EFFF,F000,FEFF,FF00,Scratch-,Pad,RAM,007F,0080,ROM,(DROM=1),or External,(DROM=0),EFFF,F000,Reserved,(DROM=1),or External,(DROM=0),FEFF,FF00,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,16,C5402扩展程序空间(OVLY=0),存储器空间(续),C5400的存储器结构(续),2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,17,C5402扩展程序
10、空间(OVLY=1),存储器空间(续),C5400的存储器结构(续),2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,18,程序空间,程序空间的组织主要通 过设置MP/MC、OVLY和 DROM位来实现,片内ROM的安排,C5400的存储器结构(续),2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,19,数据存储器,数据空间寻址范围64K字,特殊区间-存储器映射寄存器MMR CPU寄存器、片上外设寄存器,“块”组织形式,C5400的存储器结构(续),DROM位的设置,2019/4/25,2003
11、 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,20,存储器映射寄存器MMR,C5400的存储器结构(续),2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,21,存储器映射寄存器MMR(续),C5400的存储器结构(续),2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,22,I/O空间,I/O空间寻址范围64K字,两条I/O空间操作指令PORTR、PORTW,C5400的存储器结构(续),2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of
12、 SJTU,23,片内ROM保护和片内ROM/RAM保护机制,C5400的存储器结构(续),2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,24,中央处理单元(CPU),CPU状态和控制寄存器,算术逻辑单元(ALU),累加器,桶形移位器,乘加器,比较选择和存储单元 (CSSU),指数编码器,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,25,CPU状态和控制寄存器,状态寄存器ST0,ARP,TC,C,OVA,OVB,DP,1513,12,11,10,9,80,状态寄存器ST1,2019/4/2
13、5,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,26,CPU状态和控制寄存器(续),处理器模式状态寄存器PMST,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,27,CPU状态和控制寄存器(续),SMUL位的使用: mac *AR1+,A ;SMUL=1,FRCT1,OVM1,SXM1,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,28,CPU状态和控制寄存器(续),SMUL位的使用(续): mac *AR1+,A ;SMUL=0,FRCT1,OVM1,SX
14、M1,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,29,CPU状态和控制寄存器(续),SST位的使用: sth A, -4, *AR1+ ;SXM1, SST=1,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,30,CPU状态和控制寄存器(续),SST位的使用(续): dst A, *AR3- ;SXM0, SST=1,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,31,算术逻辑单元(ALU),40位长,输入数据扩展,数据输入至高/低16
15、位,符号扩展位SXM,利用ST0中的C位可实现多精度算术运算,支持常规32位数运算或双16位算术模式,取决于,利用ST1的OVM位具有溢出处理功能,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,32,算术逻辑单元(续),ALU结构框图,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,33,算术逻辑单元(续),ALU的输入选择,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,34,累加器,双累加器:A、B,累加器结构,累加器A和B之间唯一区别,累
16、加器相关指令,AG,AH,AL,39-32,31-16,15-0,BG,BH,BL,39-32,31-16,15-0,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,35,桶形移位器,桶形移位器功能,桶形移位器结构,数据定标,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,36,桶形移位器(续),桶形移位器的移位数,指令操作数中立即数,范围为-16至15,用ASM字段的值作为移位数,用寄存器T的低6位值作为移位数,add A,4,B; 累加器A右移4位后加到累加器B,norm A; 归一化累加器
17、A,add A,ASM,B ;累加器按ASM所指定的位数移位后, 加到累加器B中,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,37,乘加器,一个1717位乘法器 + 一个40位加法器,乘法器完成乘法运算,加法器可以完成累加、取整、饱和等操作,累加器A的高位可作为乘数以加速迭代运算,临时寄存器T可作为乘数以方便矢量与标量相乘,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,38,乘加器(续),乘法器 结构,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of
18、SJTU,39,乘加器(续),乘法器的输入,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,40,乘加器(续),乘加器相关指令,MAC、MAS,接受数据空间的两操作数,MACD、MACP ,接受程序、数据空间的两操作数,重复MACD指令支持滤波器的实现,MPYU、MACSU支持扩展精度运算,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,41,比较选择和存储单元 (CSSU),比较选择 和存储单元 结构,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJ
19、TU,42,比较选择和存储单元 (续),Viterbi运算,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,43,比较选择和存储单元 (续),双16位模式时的ALU操作,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,44,比较选择和存储单元 (续),例:CMPS指令的执行,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,45,指数编码器,EXP和NORM指令实现累加器内容的归一化,用EXP指令把累加器内容的指数值存入寄存器T,指数值等于冗余符号
20、位位数减8,指数值存入寄存器T中,其值的范围8,31,NORM指令按照寄存器T的值完成累加器的移位操作,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,46,指数编码器(续),结构,示例,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,47,数据寻址模式,访问的数据类型,单字,通过DB总线读取数据,通过EB总线写数据,双字,CPU通过CB总线读取数据高16位,通过DB总线读取数据的低16位 通过EB总线写32位数时,需要2个时钟周期,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technolo
21、gy Center of SJTU,48,数据寻址模式(续),32位数访问,大模式(big endian),如果在偶数地址访问高位字的话,则在下一个(更高的)地址访问低位字,小模式(little endian),如果在奇数地址访问高位字,则在上一个(更低的)地址访问低位字,C5400 DSP的大小模式由访问双字指令所给出的地址来确定,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,49,数据寻址模式(续),寻址方式,立即寻址,绝对寻址,累加器寻址,直接寻址,间接寻址,存储器映射寄存器寻址,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Techn
22、ology Center of SJTU,50,数据寻址模式(续),立即寻址,以指令中立即数为操作数,采用号作为前缀来表示立即数,立即数的长度取决于指令的类型,例:ld 0x80,A,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,51,数据寻址模式(续),绝对寻址,例:mvkd SAMPLE, *AR5,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,52,数据寻址模式(续),绝对寻址,例:mvpd TABLE, *AR7,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology C
23、enter of SJTU,53,数据寻址模式(续),绝对寻址,例:portr FIFO, *AR5,注:此类型指令无法与单循环指令配合使用,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,54,数据寻址模式(续),累加器寻址,以累加器中数值为地址访问程序存储器,相关指令,reada Smem writa Smem,采用单循环指令与上述指令配合时,累加器A的数值会自动增加,因此可以方便的实现程序空间和数据空间数据的交换,2019/4/25,2003 (C) DSP Technology Center of SJTU,55,数据寻址模式(续),直
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