非谓语动词精练ppt课件.ppt
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1、2. 不定式( infinitive ),类别,1.动名词( gerund ),3. 分词( participle ),动名词,The Gerund,动名词,顾名思义,具有双重作用:它既有动词的作用(后面可加自己的宾语),又有名词的作用(可以做句子的主语、宾语等)。,定义,一、动名词作主语,例子 1 :Constant dropping wears a stone away.,例子 2 :Speaking English fluently needs a lot of practice.,二、动名词作表语,例子 1.Your job will be babysitting.,例子 2. The
2、 problem with me is remembering new words.,三、动名词作宾语,有些动词只能接动名词做宾语,而不能接不定式。这是考试中常见的考点。请大家务必多练多用多读多说,尽量培养语感,这比单纯死记硬背这些枯燥的词汇要容易得多。,常见的动词有: advise, admit, appreciate, avoid, allow, bear, cant help, cease, delay, deny, discourage, enjoy, envy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, per
3、mit, postpone, practice, risk,等等。,例句:,1. She admitted stealing (having stolen) the bicycle.,2. I couldn t help laughing after I heard the news.,3. The company has ceased trading in this area.,4. When can you finish writing the novel?,5. Would you mind working overtime without being paid?,练习:,1 Mark
4、often attempts to escape_ whenever he breaks traffic regulations. A) having been fined B) to have been fined C) to be fined D) being fined,2. People appreciate _with him because he has a good sense of humor. A) to work B) to have worked C) working D) having working,选择题:,汉译英:,1.她不想冒着失去工作的危险。( risk ),
5、She doesn t want to risk losing her job.,2. 他拒不承认他对这个计划有任何的了解。(deny),He denied knowing anything about the plan.,3. 这只鸟没有被射中。(miss),The bird missed being shot.,4. 政府正在考虑取消这个工程。,The government is considering canceling the project.,凡是动词+介词、名词+介词或形容词+介词形成的词组,都要求接动名词做宾语,因为几乎所有介词后的动词都要使用动名词形式。,例句:,1. He i
6、nsisted on doing it in his own way.,2. I m looking forward to seeing you again.,3. He has no interest in learning music.,4. The teacher hasnt succeeded in convincing him.,5. Is there any place you are keen on visiting?,练习:,例 1 : He gives people the impression _ all his life abroad. A) of having spen
7、t B) to have spent C) of being spent D) to spent,例 2 :You may still have a problem riding a tricycle even if you are quite used _ a bicycle. A) to ride B) to riding C) to have ridden D) to be riding,* 所有的介词后面的动词都应该是动名词(某些句子中的特殊结构除外)。比较容易错的是介词“to”,因为它也是一个不定式的符号。因此要记住下面的短语:,be used to; look forward to
8、; be opposed to; devote( give) to; contribute to; pay attention to ; object to 等等。,汉译英:,1. 这些孩子一直盼望着参观北京。,These children have been looking forward to visiting Beijing.,2. 他把他大部分课余时间都用在提高听力技巧上了。,He devoted most of his spare time to improving his listening skills.,“It is +名词或形容词+动名词” 句型。满足这个句型的形容词通常是:
9、no good, no use, senseless, useless, waste, worthwhile等。,例 1 : It s no use talking to him about it.,例 2 :Do you think it worthwhile investing a large sum of money in this project?,动名词短语之前可以有一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示它的逻辑主语。当这一结构不处于句首时,逻辑主语用名词的普通格式或代词宾语更自然些。,例 1.:_ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her
10、 parents wished for. A) The girl was educated B) The girl educated C) The girls being educated D) The girl to be educated,例 2. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used _ late for his lecture. A) to have students B) for students being C) for students to be D) to students being,这句话也如果改一
11、下,更加自然和口语化:,Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used to students (them) being late for his lecture.,返回,不定式,The Infinitives,A)结构,不定式的主动态是to do,其否定式是not to do,被动态是to be done,进行态是to be doing,完成态是to have done。,例子:Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection _ to the
12、 nation. A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left,B)功能,用作主语 、宾语 、定语 、状 语 、 宾语 (主 语 ) 补 足 语 等。,a. 直接作主语,1 ) To be a man is much easier than to be a woman.,2 ) To go to the ball with such poor clothes is a shame on me.,1不定式做主语,例1:It is not unusual for boys to have a long hair nowadays.,b.
13、 用形式主语代替:,c. 作表语,My duty is to make you well behaved and disciplined.,例2:It is good of you to always take others into consideration.,汉泽英:,1. 乘地铁到火车站更方便。,It is more convenient to take underground (subway) to the railway station.,2. 你给了我这么多的帮助,真是太好了。,How kind it is of you to help me so much!,a. 不定式做宾语
14、补足语,有 些 动 词 和 短 语 可 用 不 定 式 做 宾 语 补 足 语 ,构 成 句 型:主 语 + 谓 语 动 词 + 宾 语 + 不 定 式。,2. 不定式做补足语的用法,例句:,2) I prefer you to do this job because you are more careful.,3) Didn t I warn you not to play around with the computer?,4) Three years efforts enabled her to be enrolled in a prestigious university.,1) I
15、strongly advise you to stay away from that fishy guy.,这样的动词有:advise, allow, ask, assist, bear, beg, cause, command, direct, enable, encourage, forbid, force, get, hate, help, inspire, instruct, intend, invite, lead, like, mean, need, order, permit, persuade, prefer, recommend, remind, request, requi
16、re, teach, tell, urge, want, warn, wish等。,汉译英:,1.爸爸妈妈总是鼓励我不要气馁。(encourage),My parents always encourage me not to lose heart.,2. 爱因斯坦被迫离开德国来到美国。(force),Einstein was forced to leave Germany for the US.,3.贝克汉姆生病使他与这场比赛失之交臂。(cause),Beckhams illness caused him to miss the game.,4. 我们很想去郊游,但天气不容许。(permit)
17、,The weather didnt permit us to go for an outing, thought we wanted very much to.,典型 错误:,1. suggest sb. to do sth.,2. hope sb. to do sth.,3. think sb. to do sth.,b) 不定式做主语补足语,上面的句子如果变成了被动语态,宾语补足语 就成了主语 补足语,例1 :The street was not meant to have so much traffic.,例 2: Everybody was encouraged to develop
18、 their own interest at that university.,例: The ancient Egyptians are supposed _ rockets to the moon. A) to send B) to be sending C) to have sent D) to have been sending,练习:,c)动词短语后的补足语,这样的短语有:call on(请求), care for(关心), count on(依靠,指望), depend on(依赖、依靠), long for(渴望), vote for(选举), rely on(信赖), wait
19、for(等待)。,还有一些动词和词组用不定式做宾语补足语时不带to,但在被动形式时,其宾语补足语不定式必须带to。这样的动词和词组有 let, make, have, look at, see, watch, notice, observe, overhear, hear, listen to, feel 。,汉译英:,老师要求我在班会上 发言。(call on),The teacher called on me to speak at the class meeting.,我喜欢看孩子们在湖上划船。(watch),I like to watch kids boat in the lake.,
20、例2:Sally was made _ a music instrument though he didnt want to. learn B) to learn C) learning D) learnt,例:They are going to have the serviceman _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. install B) to install C) to be installed D) installed,选择题:,3. 不定式做宾语,大量的动词后可以加不定式做宾语。常用的 动词有: want, wish, hope, ha
21、te, manage, ask, offer, promise, pretend, intend, attempt, decide, learn, desire, agree, care, choose, determine, undertake, expect, continue, prefer, try, remember, forget, mean, start, begin, like,等。,例句:,1) They preferred not to put this on the agenda.,2) He offered to sponsor the charity organiza
22、tion.,3) Mother warned him never to drive after drinking.,4) The young man told the doctor that he didn t need to have his heart checked.,4) 有些动词后既可加不定式,也可加动名词,但用法不同,意义也不同。注意remember, forget, stop, regret, go on, afford, attempt, try, 等单词的用法。,练习:,1) If I had remembered _ the window, the thief would
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