高考冲刺英语完形填空.ppt
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1、高考冲刺英语 完形填空,高级教师 王于,完形填空是NMET试题中的一个重要部分。“完形填空共20题(从第3655题),考试时间为15分钟,分值为30分,占总分的20。在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约250词)内留有20个空格,每个空格为一题,每题有四个选择项,要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案,使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。填空的词项包括结构词和实义词。”“完形填空部分的目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力”。,高中英语课程标准和考试说明 对高考完形填空的规定,语法结构,词汇辨析,篇章结构,高考完形 填空考什么?,考点分析,完形填空题是高考英语试题中一种综合性很强的题型。它既考查考生的
2、英语基础知识,又考查考生综合运用语言的能力,包括识词能力、阅读理解能力、逻辑能力和分析判断能力等。该题难度大、区分性强,是容易“拉开考生距离”的试题之一 。,命题特点,1. 选文特点 以记叙文、夹叙夹议文和说明文为主,语言地道,幽默中蕴涵哲理,富有正面教育的积极意义。,2. 选项设置特点 (1)首句完整不设空:目的是让考生对短文的前提和背景有个较清楚的了解,迅速进入主题,建立正确的思维导向。,要充分利用首句的标示作用,首句往往是全篇的关键句,它有概括和预示全文大意的作用,是判断文章体裁并预测全文主旨、大意的突破口,常含有解题和理解文章的重要信息。,例文1: Born in America, I
3、 spoke English, not Chinese, the language of my ancestors. When I was three, my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face, but I pushed them 37 , my mom believed I would learn 38 I was ready. But the 39 never came.,例文2:(陕西) I used to live selfishly, I should admit. But one moment changed me.
4、I was on my lunch break and had _ the office to get something to eat. On the way, I _ a busker(街头艺人), with a hat in front of him.,(2)侧重上下文语境:主要考查考生对上下文的理解,要求考生能摒弃语法分析,朝着语篇深层次的内容挖掘,借助上下文,揣摩作者的心情、态度及说话的语气等,通过语境来作出选择。考生一定要立足语篇环境,树立全局观念,瞻前顾后,连贯思维,从语境角度来选择答案。,例文: (重庆) My father bought home a sailboat whe
5、n I was ten, and almost each Sunday we would go sailing. Dad was quite skilled in sailing, but not good at 1 . As for me, I 2 both before twelve because of living close to Lake Ontario. A. boating B. running C. swimming D. teaching 2. A. enjoyed B. desired C. hated D. learned,以对文章的词汇意义和语篇理解为主,以考查惯用搭
6、配、常识和语法为辅。所给的选项一般是同一词类,或属同一范畴,主要考查语境,而在通常情况下只有实词才能较好地体现语境。,完形填空考查的重点,1. 从考查词的层面来看: (1)实词为主虚词为辅:完形填空所给的选项坚持了“以实词为主,虚词为辅”,待选词多为名词、动词、形容词和副词等实词,而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对考得较少。,2012年全国各地完形填空词性分布,(2)考查词汇的意义 Seeing the apple, the boy wanted it. The more he looked at it, the 3 he felt and the more he wanted that appl
7、e. He stood on tiptoe, 4 as high as he could, but even his tallest 5 he was unable to touch it. He began to 6(jump) up and down, as high as he could, at the 7 of each jump stretching his arms to get the apple. 3. A. sadder B. angrier C. hungrier D. tastier 4. A. expanding B. stretching C. swing D. p
8、ulling 5. A. strength B. length C. range D. height 7. A. tip B. stage C. top D. level,(3)考查词语的固定搭配,例文1: It suddenly _ me that if we want to go on a picnic tomorrow we had better do some preparations this evening. A. hit on B. struck C. occurred D. drawn,例文2: Some parents are greatly worried _ their
9、children fail to do well in their studies. A. about B. with C. when D. since,例文3: I was sitting in my regular barbershop for a hairdo. The boss lady was starting to trim my slightly curly hair which I believe she must be _ with a lot more than I do. She is my hair dresser! A. familiar B. popular C.
10、satisfied D. angry,(4) 考查近义词辨析,例文:(北京西城二模) Tired and exhausted, I came back home from work. I found the front door was slightly open and I felt a little scared. Did I carelessly forgot to lock it after I left? I looked around 1 to see what could be 2 . 1. A. tensely B. patiently C. eagerly D. calmly
11、 2. A. burning B. losing C. lacking D. missing,(5)考查兼类词,一词多义、一词兼有多种词类的词也是完 形填空常设为考点的词。 例文1:(福建) Born in America, I spoke English, not Chinese, the language of my ancestors. When I was three, my parents flashed cards with Chinese at my face, A. custom B. games C. characters D. language,例文2:(北京海淀一模) I
12、 was in P.E. when the planes hit the World Trade Center. As soon as I got home and for weeks after, I saw the disaster _ on the TV. A. expand B. occur C. strike D. unfold,例文3:(福建) I found the fish surrounded in a sea of customers. “Id like to buy some fresh fish,” I shouted to the fishman. A. farm B
13、. stand C. pond D. market,例文: (课标全国) The nurse had him take a 1 in the waiting area, 2 (telling) him it would be at least 40 minutes 3 someone would be able to see him. A. breath B. test C. seat D. break 3. A. if B. before C. since D. after,(1) 考查固定句型,2. 从句子的层面来看:,(2)考查语法 (主要是从句中的连词),例文1:(天津) I cann
14、ot thank you enough for _ you told me one autumn afternoon when I was nine. A. what B. that C. which D. where,例文2:(北京) I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didnt like attention drawn to myself. And _ otherwise assigned a seat by the teacher, I always chose to sit at the back of
15、 the classroom. A. as B. until C. unless D. though,(3) 考查句意理解,例文1:(北京) He knew that his friends all had bicycles. It was 1 to hang around with people when you were the only one without wheels. He thought about what he could do. There was no point asking his parents, for he knew they had no money to
16、2 . 1. A. brave B. hard C. smart D. unfair 2. A. split B. spend C. spare D. save,例文2:(北京海淀一模) When youre a preteen, a huge problem might be that you just have to have a new rock-rap CD, 1 your parents wont give you the money for it. I thought life was so 2 when things like this happened until Septem
17、ber 11, 2001. 1. A. but B. so C. or D. for 2. A. unbelievable B. uncomfortable C. unfair D. uncertain,3. 从语篇层面来看: 命题趋向于侧重语篇,注重语境,讲究整体和体现语用的考查,而且考查内容多为关注情节发展的内在逻辑联系及词语运用的能力,逾越句子层次的试题占一半左右;要求学生要具有较强的语篇意识以及分析语篇结构、根据上下文线索进行逻辑推理并选择符合文章情节答案的能力。 ,(1)考查上下文语境 注意上下文的信息提示:信息提示出现在前文时,可以根据前文的信息提示确定答案;信息提示出现在后文时,
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