PCR与亲子刑事鉴定.ppt
《PCR与亲子刑事鉴定.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《PCR与亲子刑事鉴定.ppt(53页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、2019/9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定,Invented by K. Mullis in the 1980s (Nobel Prize),Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR,聚合酶連鎖反應, PCR,2019/9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定,PCR allows you to amplify DNA Can amplify specific gene Can amplify up to a billion-fold! Part of the nucleotide sequence must be known,PCR: Purpose,2019/9/13,PCR與親子
2、刑事鑑定,DNA template (double stranded) primers (single stranded DNA) DNA polymerase nucleotides (A,C,G,T) thermocycler,PCR: Requirements,2019/9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定,Thermocycler - controlled temperature - controlled rate of temperature change,PCR: Requirements,2019/9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定,Step 1: Separate the two str
3、ands of DNA template usually around 95 C Step 2: Cool to let the primers bind to the template strands usually around 40 to 60 C Step 3: DNA polymerase extends the primers two new complementary DNA strands synthesized usually around 72 C,PCR: 3 steps,2019/9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定,Taq polymerase,Need heat-stab
4、le DNA polymerase: Taq polymerase from a thermophilic (heat-loving) bacteria not inactivated by repeated heat treatments of PCR step 1,2019/9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定,Cycles of PCR:,2019/9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定, Avoid contamination Component dH2O 10 X PCR buffer dNTP sense primer antisense primer Taq DNA polymerase,Po
5、lymerase Chain Reaction, PCR,2019/9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定, Negative control / Positive control / Exp. Detect PCR products EtBr stained agarose gel electrophoresis Southern blot Optimization enzyme dNTP Mg2+ Temp. of annealing, extension and denaturation cycle no. primers,Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR,2019/
6、9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定,2019/9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定,2019/9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定,2019/9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定,If each cycle takes about 5 minutes, how many copies can you make in an hour? Answer: 212,PCR: Amplification,2019/9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定,Medical diagnostics viral RNA or DNA DNA fingerprinting Forensics (legal science) crimes pa
7、ternity testing Evolutionary studies Human Genome Project,PCR: Applications,2019/9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定,PCR: Applications,Infectious diseases Hepatitis virus (HBV, HCV) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),2019/9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定,PCR: Viral detection,2019/9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定,DNA指紋,親子/刑事鑑定,2019/9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定,前言,自年
8、代後期,蛋白質的多型性已被用來偵測個體之間的遺傳差異。使用這些蛋白質標誌最主要的問題是這些標誌因其有限的變異性,故有使用上的極限。當這些蛋白質標誌被用在法醫學上的判斷時,主要是用以排除某位疑犯的可能性,而非確認其有犯罪。因為,確認二個檢體相異的機率遠高於確認二個檢體是來自同一個人的機率。,2019/9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定,衛星DNA,重複序列DNA 微衛星體 迷你衛星體 巨衛星體,2019/9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定,圖,2019/9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定,重複序列DNA,二種主要重複序列DNA已被鑑定: 縱排重複序列的衛星DNA約佔人類基因體的 散佈性重複序列DNA約佔人類
9、基因體的 衛星DNA只存於真核生物,功能是在減數分裂時,染 色體可經由這些同源互補的序列,配對在一起以及造 成DNA重組的位置。變數縱排重複序列依長度分為: 微衛星體(microsatellite)、迷你衛星體(minisatellites)、 巨衛星體(macrosatellite)。,2019/9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定,表,2019/9/13,PCR與親子刑事鑑定,微衛星體,微衛星體是簡單重複序列或短縱向重複片段 (STR),在個體間存在著極大重複次數的差 異。FBI就是利用13組充分了解的短縱向重 複片段來進行DNA指紋圖譜鑑定。現今短縱 向重複片段檢測幾乎已包含在所有法醫學的 檢
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- PCR 亲子 刑事 鉴定
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-3575327.html