BS 499-1-1991 Welding terms and symbols — Part 1 Glossary for welding, brazing and thermal cutting.pdf
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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 499-1:1991 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Welding terms and symbols Part 1: Glossary for welding, brazing and thermal cutting UDC 621.791:001.4 + 003.62 BS 499-1:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Welding Standards Policy Committee, was pub
2、lished under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 28 February 1991 BSI 03-1999 First published August 1933 Second edition June 1939 Third edition October 1952 Fourth edition October 1965 Fifth edition November 1983 Sixth edition February 1991 The following BSI references relate
3、 to the work on this standard: Committee reference WEE/1 Drafts for comment 88/75043 DC 89/76391 DC ISBN 0 580 19093 5 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Welding Standards Policy Committee (WEE/-) to Technical Committee WEE/
4、1 upon which the following bodies were represented: Aluminium Federation Associated Offices Technical Committee British Institute of Non-destructive Testing British Shipbuilders City and Guilds of London Institute (Advisory Committee) Institute of Metals Institution of Production Engineers Instituti
5、on of Structural Engineers National Association of Teachers in Further and Higher Education Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited Welding Institute Welding Manufacturers Association (BEAMA Ltd.) Amendments issued since publication Amd. NoDate of issueComments 9227November 1996 Indicated
6、 by a sideline in the margin BS 499-1:1991 BSI 03-1999i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Forewordvi Section 1. Terms common to more than one section3 Section 2. Terms relating to welding with pressure15 Subsection 21.Terms relating to more than one subsection15 Subsection 22.T
7、erms relating only to resistance welding17 Subsection 23.Terms relating only to pressure welding41 Subsection 24. Terms relating only to ultrasonic welding42 Subsection 25. Terms relating only to diffusion welding42 Subsection 26. Terms relating only to explosive welding43 Subsection 27. Terms relat
8、ing only to friction welding44 Subsection 28. Terms relating only to magnetically-impelled arc butt welding44 Section 3 Terms relating to fusion welding (welding without pressure)45 Subsection 31. Terms relating to more than one subsection45 Subsection 32. Terms relating only to arc welding66 Subsec
9、tion 33. Terms relating only to gas welding80 Subsection 34. Terms relating only to aluminothermic welding82 Subsection 35. Terms relating only to electron beam welding84 Subsection 36. Terms relating only to electro-slag welding89 Subsection 37. Terms relating only to light radiation welding90 Sect
10、ion 4. Terms relating to braze welding and brazing91 Subsection 41. Terms relating to braze welding91 Subsection 42. Terms relating only to brazing92 Section 5. Terms relating to testing95 Section 6. Terms relating to weld imperfections100 Section 7. Terms relating to thermal cutting105 Subsection 7
11、1. Terms relating to more than one subsection105 Subsection 72. Terms relating only to oxygen cutting108 Subsection 73.Terms relating only to arc cutting111 Subsection 74. Terms relating only to spark erosion cutting111 Subsection 75. Terms relating only to electron beam cutting111 Subsection 76. Te
12、rms relating only to laser cutting112 Appendix A Typical information to appear on a welding procedure sheet for flash welding113 Appendix B Typical information to appear on a welding procedure sheet for spot welding113 Appendix C Typical information to appear on a welding procedure sheet for seam we
13、lding113 Appendix D Typical information to appear on a welding procedure sheet for projection welding114 Appendix E Typical information to appear on a welding procedure sheet for friction welding114 Appendix F Typical information to appear on welding procedure sheets for fusion welding processes114
14、Appendix G Typical information to appear on a cutting procedure sheet for oxygen flame cutting115 Alphabetical index116 Figure 1 Chart of derivation of welding processes1 BS 499-1:1991 ii BSI 03-1999 Page Figure 2 Chart of derivation of brazing processes2 Figure 3 Chart of derivation of thermal cutt
15、ing processes2 Figure 4 Root, fusion, penetration, weld junction and zones of typical welds4 Figure 5 Examples of series spot welding18 Figure 6 Mash weld20 Figure 7 Weld nugget20 Figure 8 Vertical centre electrode21 Figure 9 Vertical offset electrode21 Figure 10 Angle offset electrode22 Figure 11 C
16、ranked offset electrode22 Figure 12 Time and pressure diagram for simple spot, stitch or projection welding26 Figure 13 Time and pressure diagram for pulsation spot or projection welding26 Figure 14 Time and pressure diagram for spot or projection welding, programme control27 Figure 15 Time and pres
17、sure diagram for pulsation spot or projection welding, programme control27 Figure 16 Time and pressure diagram for spot welding, programme control with dual-pressure cycle28 Figure 17 Time and pressure diagram for seam welding28 Figure 18 Time and pressure diagram for step-by-step seam welding29 Fig
18、ure 19 Time and pressure diagram for roller spot welding29 Figure 20 Time and pressure diagram for step-by-step roller spot welding30 Figure 21 Time and pressure diagram for straight flash welding30 Figure 22 Generalized diagram of speed, applied force, axial movement and time for continuous drive f
19、riction welding31 Figure 23 Generalized diagram of speed, applied force, axial movement and time for stored-energy friction welding33 Figure 24 Angle centre electrode38 Figure 25 Swan-necked electrode38 Figure 26 Example of back-step sequence45 Figure 27 Example of skip sequence45 Figure 28 Examples
20、 of block sequences46 Figure 29 Sketches of types of joints, types of weld(s) and weld preparations47 Figure 30 Gap, root face, root radius, land, included angle and angle of bevel for typical weld preparations54 Figure 31 Examples of toes, legs and weld widths55 Figure 32 Roots of typical weld prep
21、arations56 Figure 33 Actual throat thickness and design throat thickness of typical welds57 Figure 34 Examples of excess weld metal58 Figure 35 Welding positions: slope (s)60 Figure 36 Schematic diagram of main welding positions60 Figure 37 Simplified view of main welding positions61 Figure 38 Compa
22、rison of UK(USA) and ISO welding positions61 BS 499-1:1991 BSI 03-1999iii Page Figure 39 Penetration bead63 Figure 40 Weld preparation using a fusible insert64 Figure 41 Surge reignition71 Figure 42 Types of rectification73 Figure 43 Neutral oxy-acetylene flame80 Figure 44 Carburizing oxy-acetylene
23、flame80 Figure 45 Carburizing oxy-acetylene flame for a hard surfacing application80 Figure 46 Oxidizing oxy-acetylene flame80 Figure 47 Leftward welding81 Figure 48 Rightward welding81 Figure 49 All-position rightward welding82 Figure 50 Basic equipment for aluminothermic welding83 Figure 51 Diagra
24、mmatic representation of a diode gun85 Figure 52 Diagrammatic representation of a triode gun85 Figure 53 Diagrammatic representation of a back-bombarded gun86 Figure 54 Electro-slag welding89 Figure 55 Bell butt joint91 Figure 56 Diminishing bell butt joint91 Figure 57 Short bell branch joint92 Figu
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