英汉语言对比间接和直接.ppt
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1、Part VIDirect vs. Indirect,甫讲哼饶峭着舵敞候课擒杠猾饶咨杂庭凳持肺婿阅淌爵钾闺嘛载雁影倍凯英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,English: Indirect Chinese: Direct,剖爽绒邹琐梳田振玩财斧臭涤绕刷霖砰泄胃恨扔丛抖隐韦谰饵运倦专必班英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,Indirect English I Euphemism II Implicitness III Periphrasis,搂耳班聪氯相坝条授容乾琳颐欲翰龋湃勃出转征焰贩另波朗置沉少齿袭购英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,I Euphemism E
2、uphemizing is generally defined as substituting an inoffensive or pleasant term for a more explicit, offensive one, thereby veneering the truth by using kind words.,需敦论谚裳锑衡聚炸硬媳舶藉挛锌诫俗丈仇舅恨兴善铲固题亥幂塔规读战英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,For Example: In private I should merely call him a liar. In the Press you should
3、 use the words: Reckless disregard for truth and in Parliament- that you regret he should have been so misinformed.,辐走矽农淌窄沮涅恃郝熔跑臣桐融祸滔轰滥坊折组绰憨媒齿匙苏柯韧甘毛英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,委婉是一种比较间接的方式来谈论不宜直言的人或事物。为了: 1)回避或掩盖某些严酷的社会现实; 2)为了防止“出口伤人”; 3)避免“有失体统”,显得文明礼貌。,盯莉倦呕近窿输匿拜冉泡挟锈讥毋参凋湿掌歪戊极滇葬音轮巡茄泛厕挛嫩英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比
4、间接和直接,1.Both English and Chinese have Euphemism which are used to express boring, awful, disgust and disgraceful things. 1)“死亡” 2)“上厕所” 3)“怀孕” 4)“身体太胖” 5)“老人,年老”,扎谊睬污曾佩姐撰陷夫合戍化脏建富会赋鞋伤达术署肺基翌晦厩圾孽锚伙英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,1)“死亡” pass away; breathe ones last; go to ones Maker; be with God; sleep with ones
5、 fathers join the great majority; pay the debt of nature go to glory; go to a better world; sleep the final sleep, cross the Great Divide, climb the golden staircase.,谈凛碾嫁扮稳宴簧秩颗概败茧贼儒症骑非涝滋纱杏愈窃骚炸挑染鬼间忧被英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,逝世、寿终、作古、谢世、归寂、坐化、牺牲、阵亡、殉职、捐躯、百年、与世长辞; 古代还有按等级之分的死: 帝王之死“崩”或“晏驾”, 诸侯之死“篳”; 大夫之
6、死“卒”, 士之死“不禄”。,湘摇企鼻瘤威铺兔嘎拐象歼阁敦构嵌酚桶持族币呻帝完产糜锻明来厢躺繁英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,2)“上厕所” go to the restroom, use the bathroom, wash ones hands, relieve oneself, answer a call of nature; (男)see a man about a horse, (女)fix ones face, powder ones nose 大便、小便、方便、解手、大解、小解、净手、如厕、去洗手间,佳肖妥惠就殴挂淖的暮围层岔腕辖操剿密秀蚕蜀垛斩缩舜爬增栏芦昨哑姚英
7、汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,3)“怀孕” be expecting, in a family way, (American English) in the family way,(English) in an interesting condition 有喜、重身子、双身子、产妇、身怀六甲,励噪濒仙剑撒用晤叼分五松狈封坍屎转孩剪译莲棒枷建警锡讣烩瓜挽泰滩英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,4)“身体太胖” stout on the heavy side 发福,纠噪虫母啄递屉丛营街距层凶享单沉理琵钦棕梢组缔炙境在苇嗅旱孜帚殆英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,
8、5)“老人,年老” senior citizen eldly people advanced in age 年迈 年长 上了年纪 上岁数 年事已高,茧滚涵掷淬震矢漂瓤龙低腔帮搪仆束捆牧捆贩肛膜更埃暑攒函叙跟陨邻屋英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,2. Compared with Chinese, English has more euphemisms and they are used more frequently .,病磊痛驮洞陀衷菠朽嚏疲使惯堤舵汹羊撞牌皇陈忙粱愚域如寓常蒋鲸埠壳英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,powder room- ladies room女厕
9、所 unpleasant odour- nasty smell难闻的气味 assault- rape强奸 soiled linen- dirty clothes脏衣服 unmentionables/nether garments/inexpressibles -trousers裤子,揩酞企萌抗蚀刨邀舷羌郸填消遗按宽吱示脐场砍据掘面记贾霜焕荔钾癌坎英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,In mordern UK or US, euphemizing, implicit and humor speech is regared as mark of civilization and poli
10、teness.In recent ten years, the usage of euphemism is so popular that nearly deep into every corner of social life and public or private business. Most of them are vivd and intersting and can reflect social and cultural life,羽雇找傀雷御苔瞒毛糙造大侠逾孟谆习涡伞徐敖东防嚷滥傣瓣哗吐寿肉孽英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,2.1 Official Euphemi
11、sm官方委婉语。 2.2 Occupational Euphemism职业委婉语。 2.3 School Euphemism学校委婉语。 2.4 Others各种事物委婉语,琴翟见晃己秦伞侍逃华咖孩疫虾酱犊虾呢法菜弛如封落说莹廊挠浆受发订英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,2.1 Offical Euphemism includes all kinds of officialese(官方英语): 1)bureaucratese联邦政府官僚英语 2)Pentagonese五角大楼英语 3)State-Departmentese国务院英语 4)Gobbledygook官腔英语 5)unb
12、ababble地方市政府英语,澈下猫很妙瓣卵驯甫乾缉阅锡酣廊酣乱述营冠指秦冷稠幌垃坤巍咳切胁恭英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,1)Bureaucratese联邦政府官僚英语 Euphemisms are so popular in officialese, especially Bureaucratese among which some of them have become tricks to cover the truth, deceive the voter and win over the will of the people.,器鉴吟猾妖锭媒芝邮硝桩嗜无磐腻祥耙毕刊置
13、妇皇意魔掠饶览睬乎洞快仟英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,For example: 1)经济危机:ecnomic crisis ecnomic adjustment(经济调整) 2)失业:unemplyment underutilization(未充分利用人才) human resources underdevelopment(人才资源未充分开发) 3)贫民区:slum inner city ; central city,菲秉惶舒们肃业僻堤褒辞踞论剐足着坛雇捎晓域育善皮姜谗馅诅甭霓腐捂英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,4)监狱: prison house of corr
14、ection(改造所,教养院) 5)捏造:fabricate less than truthful(不大真实) 6)窃听:eavesdrop on intelligence gathering(收集情报) 7)暗杀:assassination liquidation(清算),梁洲吱蕾盛掣哪宝泊遏师全杆粱碍湘疮颇刘补送归逆晦继洽醉裁署卵森怯英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,poor: I used to think I was poor. Then they told me I wasnt poor, I was needy. They told me it was self- de
15、feating to think of myself as needy, I was culturally deprived. Then they told me deprived was a bad image, I was underprivileged. Then they told me underprivileged was overused, I was disadvantaged. I still dont have a dime, but I have a great vocabulary!,孤德朽券吊赋叙峭峨终盆透巢藤猎稍鱼暖区演咽药鼠旗过斤叮姿若很症藤英汉语言对比间接和直接
16、英汉语言对比间接和直接,2)Pentagonese五角大楼英语 为了掩盖侵略战争本性,国防部官员把它称为international armed conflict (国际武装冲突); 对美国空军来说,空袭只是air support(空中增援),在原苏联领空侦察飞行仅是overflight(越界飞行)。 军方为了尽量缩小暴力破坏程度,把杀死敌人称作neutralize the adversary(压制对手),把伤亡称为circadian deregulation(生理节奏的反常),恨极忌腋掷酞愚谴慎酵胳框胎配蚀孙秃瑶剖庙穿翌剪躯户祝史刻菏亢影氰英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,为了掩盖
17、战争中失败的真相,五角大楼的官员会说:撤出exfiltration;战线调整an adjust of the front =退却retreat;战略撤退strategic withdrawl =战败defeat; 大量使用核武器的用语deterrence(威慑);first strike capability(第一次打击能力),从不提nuclear核子这个词,也不提它可能导致人类的毁灭。,审寇匈沙劣精照蓬仑霖高断夷同钡赠莫肥您滇离黔一你又辖威琵挑问已兜英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,3)State-Departmentese国务院英语 外交官员常尽量缩小国际紧张局势的严重性,让公
18、众对其真正的动机和国内外问题产生模糊印象。 当两位外长举行了一次useful and businesslike meeting(有益而一本正经的会晤),其实是一次什么问题也没有解决的会晤。 当两位总理进行了一次serious and candid discussion(认真而坦率的讨论),事实上是存在重大分歧。,热阮惊家伶渡玻蓉尧竿累感拼蛙枫婿膳潘殊届汉隐熏遭喊邱秽淆釜喊距芥英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,2.2 Occupational Euphemism职业委婉语。 People often create some uplifting word or impressive t
19、itle to beautify their occupation in order to improve their social status and satisfy their vanity.,展相帽辕巳腐蔚适护荆贷塞怯怪涟霖宅仓椒俯股厄萝哈令永季塞深锄章脱英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,Sanitary engineer = garbage man 垃圾清洁工 Meat technologist =butcher屠户 Member of the oldest profession = prostitute妓女 Mixologist =bar-tender调酒师,棕杠氮触押
20、厢湘名挤蒂华卉莫招陡扼梯玉霖依田盲坯鄂浆赦宫贵阶丹顿幼英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,landscape architect =gardener园丁 beautician cosmetician tonsorial artist =barber 屠夫 household executive domestic manager =housewife家庭妇女,歹桩臆佩快铀雀醋眨钉忍首馈酿马东睁咱铡便泅忌龟憨略朝琉洲骨宛脆鹤英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,Occupational Euphemism in Chinese: 环卫工人, 保姆, 白衣天使, 灵魂工程师, 出家
21、人,砷拟轿声痔零抖杰腿亏獭湿展恳撼泅慑贤褐牺影俘抗茫倡粹剂臆称桅船岁英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,2.3 School Euphemism学校委婉语。 为了不磋商学生和家长的自尊心, 迟钝呆笨的学生是 unflamboyant(不浮夸); 低能儿是 subnormal(智力逊常);exceptional (special) child(情况特殊的孩子).,佑彩硫景逝霸砚提温怜臭冉爷框秀娱闷打乏堑旺宾伎衅甩荤艘塔澡呛孟晋英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,Teachers are requested to use the following euphemisms in
22、a primary school: Shows difficulty in distinguishing between imaginary and factual material Lies 撒谎 Needs help in learning to adhere to rules and standards of fair play Cheats作弊,母采丘娩味拉砚仔军剁拉雏太丈戮透签困好旭浦兹粗兜膝孕劫琶丢臀缨故英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,Needs help in learning to respect the property rights of others Ste
23、als偷窃 Has qualities of leadership but needs help in learning to use them democratically Is a bully恃强凌弱,寞沛祸积毒佛遁循咒扇康浴匹辕煽窒加拯鼻阵硒舰泪秆贺谋令被挂贩赚金英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,2.4 others各种事物委婉语 predriven classic =used car industrial action =strike罢工 color minority =Negro黑人,锯内蓑丛祥侍遇求哑鹰嘘蚕眠托贯虞俏抒顿星命哭蹲靠战镭杭弊桑矗促吉英汉语言对比间接和直接英
24、汉语言对比间接和直接,memory garden =cemetery墓地 facial dew =sweat汗水 in the altogether =naked赤身裸体,英悠刽潭峭祁壳仅蝗器换考哩抄秒霍始委烃偿遣瓣偷范檀毋逼掩勺职凶碗英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,willowy =slender苗条 redirected flight =hijack劫机 Lets go to Reno =divorce办离婚(美内华达西部城市里诺以办离婚手续简便而著称),愤藩砂富揭僵黑贫玉梁弊夜炉努摈耿恋迁暴且巴拘插舰变胡低乌绪晌扫谷英汉语言对比间接和直接英汉语言对比间接和直接,II Imp
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