词汇学--词素.ppt
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1、Morpheme and Word-formation,Members: Speaker: 张莎莎 201217110 Searcher: 丁梦丽 201217101 Maker: 王海金 201217103,词素和构词法,Introduction We know words can be analyzed into morphemes, which are the minimal meaningful units in the composition of words. In word-formation, morphemes are labeled root, stem, base and
2、 affix. 在构词法中,语素被分为词根、词干、词基和词缀。,Root,Stem,Morpheme,Base,Affix,Affix Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. All affixes are bound morphemessome morphemes cannot normally stand alone,but function only as parts of words,e,g.-s,-er and-ed 词缀都是粘着语素,依附
3、于词根上构成新词或表示词的语法意义. .According to the functions of affixes Affix can be divided into inflectional affixes and derivational affixes.,1. Inflectional affixes(Inflectional morphemes)are not used to produce new words,but rather to show aspects of the grammatical function of a word(-s,-s,-ed,-ing,-er,-est
4、). 屈折词缀:表示词的语法意义。 2. Derivational affixes(Derivational morphemes) are used to make new words in the language and are often used to make words of a different grammatical category from the stem(-er,-ness,-ly,-ful,-less,un-,dis-,re-,im-,pre-). 派生词缀是加在词干上构成新词的词缀。,.According to their distribution in the
5、formation of words Affixes can be divided into prefixes and suffixes. 1. Prefixes are affixes before the root. Eg, unjust, rewrite,impossible. As a rule,most prefixes modify the meaning of roots,but not their parts of speech. 2. Suffixes are affixes after the root. By the addtion of the suffix, the
6、word is usually changed from one part of speech into another, e.g. liberation. modernize.,Root . A“root”is the base form of a word that cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity.In other words, a root is that part of a word form that remains when all inflectional and derivational aff
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