硅及其化合物(Silicon and its compounds).doc
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1、硅及其化合物(Silicon and its compounds)lesson carbon group elementsrequirements1. Understand the similarity and degeneration of the properties of carbon elements and the properties of carbon elemental and its compounds3. Master the main properties of silicon single and important compounds, and understand
2、the silicate industry and inorganic non-metallic materialsThe properties of carbon, silicon and its compounds, as well as the transformation of carbon, silicon, and compoundsbasic reviewThe family of carbon elements in the periodic table, including elements. The atom has four electrons in its outerm
3、ost shell, and its not easy to lose electrons in the reaction, and its not easy to get electrons, and it usually forms a combination of electrons and other elements. Its main price is + 2 + 4. The element of carbon increases from top to bottom, and the non-metallic nature gradually decreases, and th
4、e gold is gradually strengthened. Most of them can form gaseous hydrides, and their stability wears off. The highest oxide corresponds to the acidity of the hydrates.ramming foundationI. knowledge network:Transformation of carbon and its compounds. The transformation of silicon and its compoundsOne:
5、 carbon element (the property of carbon elements)Element symbols and namesMajor valenceSingle color, statehydrideMajor oxideThe highest oxide corresponds to hydratesimilarityPass degenerationTest point two carbon and its compounds1. Carbon single matter(1) allotropediamondgraphiteC60structureTetrahe
6、dron, space network, atomic crystalThe plane layer is a hexagonCage (soccer) molecular crystalMain propertiesMelt, boiling point high, hardness, difficult to dissolve in solvent, not conductiveThe melting point is high, soft and smooth, and conductiveIt can be mixed with metal to form a superconduct
7、oruseDiamonds, knives, decorationsElectrode, pencil core, lubricantApplied to material scienceNote: common allotropesDiamond, graphite, C60 O2, O3 P4 (white phosphorus), red phosphorus crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon(2) chemical properties (flammability, reductive)Carbon compounds(1) oxide (C
8、O, CO2)The nature of theCarbon monoxide COCO2 CO2Physical propertiesColor, state, tasteColorless and odorless gasColorless, odorless gasThe toxicity oftoxicIts not toxic, its a greenhouse effect but not an atmospheric pollutantComparison of density with airA slightly smallerbigsolubilityPoorly solub
9、le in waterSoluble in waterChemical properties1. Flammability2 co 2 co2 + O2 to ignite1. Cannot burn, or support combustion2. ReductiveCuO + CO delta Cu + CO2Oxidation C + CO2 high temperature 2CO3. Can react with alkaline solutions such as clarified waterCO2 plus Ca (OH) 2 = CaCO34. Can react with
10、waterH2O + CO2 = H2CO3Thinking: how to remove the gas from CO and CO22. CO2 in CO gas (the gas is filled with gas cylinders containing sodium hydroxide solution)2. Carbon dioxide gas mixed with CO (gas through rigid glass tube in hot CuO)2. 2 (2) 2. 2 (2)Carbon dioxide gas mixed with SO2 (gas is use
11、d to clean gas cylinders containing sodium bicarbonate solution or acid potassium permanganate solution)In the CO2 gas, HCl is mixed (gas is used to clean gas cylinders with sodium bicarbonate solution)In the CO2 gas, H2S are mixed (gas is poured into a gas cylinder containing copper sulfate solutio
12、n)(2) NaHCO3, Na2CO3 (mentioned in metal and its compounds)The following method of removing impurities is correctA. Remove the CO in CO2B. In addition to BaCO3 solids mixed with BaSO4: after adding excess hydrochloric acid, filtration and washingC. Remove FeCl3 from FeCl2 solution: add excess iron p
13、owder and filterD. Remove the CuO from the Cu powder: after a moderate amount of dilute nitric acid, filter and washTest point three silicon and its compounds1. The elemental silicon(1) main physical propertiesSingle silicon has crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon, crystalline silicon is gray
14、black, metallic luster, hard and brittle solid. Its structure is similar to diamond, melting, boiling point higher, is good semiconductor material.(2) chemical propertiesThere is no free silicon in nature, and silicon in the common chemical phase is SiO2 and silicate. Normal temperature is stable an
15、d can only react with F2, HF and NaOH solution. In the case of heating, you can react with O2 and Cl2.(3) industrial process of siliconIn industry, the reduction of SiO2 with coke in the furnace is obtained, and the chemical equation is SiO2 + 2C Si + 2COPurification: Si + 2Cl2 SiCl4 + 2H2 Si + 4HCl
16、(4) use of siliconSilicon is a good semiconductor material that can be used to make integrated circuits, transistors, silicon rectifiers, and silicon solar cells.Silicon dioxide(1) the atomic crystal, which has a tetrahedral structure, does not dissolve in water.Quartz crucible, agate accessories, q
17、uartz optical fiber, used in the laboratory of silica as the main component (the relationship between silica, quartz, crystal, agate).(2) chemical propertiesThe weak oxidizing properties of acid oxide(3) use: 1. Skeleton of the information highway. 2. Quartz crucible, quartz glass, quartz clock, etc
18、3. Optical instrument and process accessories (crystal, agate)Think: 1. Why the glass reagent of alkaline solution cannot be used with glass, and rubber plug or cork.2. How to preserve Na2SiO3 and other alkaline solutions in the laboratory?3. Based on common sense, try to compare the boiling point o
19、f carbon dioxide and silica. Why?4. How to prepare silicic acid from silica?22. The following statements about silicon elemental and its compounds are correctSilicon is the basic element of some rocks and minerals. The cement, glass, and crystal ornaments are silicate productsThe high purity of sili
20、con is widely used in the production of fibre-optic ceramic, which is a very early application of silicate materialsA. in b. in c. in d. in2. Indicate the chemical nature or function of SiO2 in the following reactions, and choose the correct answer in the A D optionIn parentheses.(1) SiO2 naoh + 2 =
21、 Na2SiO3 + H2O ()(2) SiO2 + Na2CO3 Na2SiO3 + CO2 write ()(3) Si SiO2 + 2 c + 2 co write ()(4) SiO2 hf + 4 = SiF4 write + 2 h2o ()A. the glass is consumed and the glass is corrodedB. oxidizingC. acidic oxideD. Exchange volatile anhydride from its saltThe application of silicon elemental and its compo
22、und is very wide. Please answer the following questions:(1) silicon semiconductor materials must be prepared with high purity silicon first. Trichlorosilane (SiHCl3) reduction method is the main method of preparing high purity silicon at present, the production process diagram is as follows:The chem
23、ical reaction equation of high purity silicon was prepared by pure SiHCl3.The whole preparation process must be strictly controlled without water and oxygen. SiHCl3 reacts violently to produce H2SiO3, HCl and other substances, and writes out the chemical reaction equation of the balance. In the proc
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