语法第二,三讲.ppt
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1、主谓一致,1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。一般来说,不可数名词、可数名词单数用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。 2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语 。,单数名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词谓语动词用 单数形式。,The book is of great value.,The food has gone bad.,Socialism is believed to be very good in that country.,The States is a developed countr
2、y.,Physics is not easy to learn, he told me.,语法一致,2. 不定式、动名词、从句做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。 What引导的主语从句做主语时,要根据表语。,To see is to believe.,It is necessary to read a lot.,Losing the book was what made her very sad.,It is no use crying over spilt milk,What youve said is quite right.,语法一致,What they need are people to
3、help them.,What I need is one book, while what he needs are two books.,3. 不定代词somebody, someone, anyone,anybody,everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, something, anything, everything, nothing作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。,Hardly anyone knows the secret.,Almost no one wants to be friends with him.,Everything is ok now
4、. Lets begin.,Everybody knows that Taiwan is part of China.,Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.,语法一致,4.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 。,Reading and writing are very important.,When we will do that and how we should do that have not been decided yet.,To say something and to do it are quite different t
5、hings.,注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,The teacher and musician is coming here tomorrow.,语法一致,When and how we should do that hasnt been discussed.,To go to bed early and to get up early is a good habit.,War and peace is still a subject people often talk about.,Bread and butter is what
6、they usually have for breakfast.,5. 在Eachand each, every and every, no and no.之后,谓语动词用单数形式。,Each boy and each girl was given a present.,Every flower and every tree is to be cut down.,No teacher and no student is permitted to get in.,语法一致,6.当主语有with, along with, together with, like, except, but, incl
7、uding, besides, rather than, as well as,in addition to 等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。,The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.,He, as well as I, wants to go boating.,All the students but Tom were waiting there patiently.,The headmaster, rather than the teachers, was very worried ab
8、out that.,Many people, like Mr. Wang, were living a hard life.,语法一致,1.集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team 等词后,谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时强调该集体的整体。,The family is very big.,The family are discussing where to go for a holiday.,但集合名词people, police, cattle, 等用复数形
9、式。,The police are looking into the matter.,Cattle feed on grass.,意义一致,2. None 和neither作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式,也可用复数形式。若none of 后面的词为不可数名词,则谓语动词为单数形式。,Neither of them is/are going to help her.,None of the girls likes/like the school clothes.,None of the money is mine.,neither作定语,后跟单数名词,谓语动词用单数形式,Neither book
10、 is of much value.,意义一致,3.代词some,rest, more, most, enough,all等词作主语时,谓语动 词的单复数由代词指代的词的单复数决定。,Some of them were angry./ Some of the cloth was stolen.,The rest of the class are boys./ The rest of the work is hard to do.,Most of the work has been finished./ Most of them dont agree.,All is well that ends
11、 well./ All I want is your advice. All that they need are books.,More of the material is wanted./ More of the chairs are going to be sent there.,意义一致,4.a (large/small) number of/ the number of, books of this kind / this kind of book(s) 等中心词不一样,谓语动词也不一样。,A number of people are going to be punished.,T
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